Current Projects

Current doctoral projects
Doctoral Candidate	Title of the doctoral research project	Cooperating Institutions
Philipp Koch	Befahrbarkeitsanalyse in unwegsamem Gelände unter Berücksichtigung der kinematischen Konzepte mobiler Roboter	TH Nürnberg, Uni Würzburg
Andreas Schütz	Effiziente und zielgerichtete Sensibilisierung der Mitarbeiter von kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen für Informationssicherheit	THWS Würzburg-Schweinfurt, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg
Thomas Schulz	A Reference Architecture for Smart Mobility Platforms	HS Neu-Ulm, TU München
Daniel Vögele	Kamerabasiertes System zur Ermittlung der realen Aufspannsituation auf Werkzeugmaschinen	OTH Regensburg, Uni Passau
Florian Olbrich	Safety Systems for UAVs	OTH Regensburg, TU München
Bettina Kriegl	Service Innovation at Healthcare`s Frontline	TH Ingolstadt, Uni Bayreuth
Manuel Fritsche	Entwicklung eines kombinierten Auslegungsverfahrens für radiale Ventilatoren auf Basis eines mit theoretischen Ansätzen, digitalen CFD-Berechnungen und physischen Versuchen trainierten künstlichen neuronalen Netzes (Metamodell)	HS Coburg, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg
Stefan Kerscher	Robuste Prädiktion von Verkehrsteilnehmern in einer urbanen Umgebung	TH Deggendorf, Uni Regensburg, Continental
Tobias Fertig	Messen der Information Security Awareness in KMUs	THWS Würzburg-Schweinfurt, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg
Helge Olberding	Thematische Kartographie und 3D-Geovisualisierung in interaktiven VR-Anwendungen	THWS Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Uni Würzburg
Simon Seibt	Bildbasierte Medienproduktionskette	TH Nürnberg, Uni Würzburg
Markus Miller	Auf künstliche Intelligenz basierende rekonstruktive Verfahren zur Umfeldmodellierung	HAW München TU München
Theresa Meyer	Änderungsdetektion durch Analyse von Bildsequenzen und BIM-konformen Innenraummodellen	THWS Würzburg-Schweinfurt TU München
Elisabeth Moser	Exploring the power of AI in spectral analysis particularly leveraging simulation via transfer learning	OTH Regensburg, TU München
Stefan Böhm	Untersuchung verschiedener Ansätze der künstlichen Intelligenz zur Optimierung der Prozessaubläufe und Mensch-Maschinen-Kollaboration in der I4.0-Produktion	TH Rosenheim, TU München
Peter Meier	Real-Time Signal Processing Algorithms for Interactive Music Analysis Applications	TH Deggendorf, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg
Markus Schmidtner	Konzeption und Realisierung eines adaptiven Referenzmodells für agile und hybride Vorgehensmodelle im Produktentstehungsprozess der Automobilindustrie	HAW Landshut, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg
Sebastian Renner	Sichere leichtgewichtige authentifizierte Verschlüsselung für kritische Infrastrukturen im Internet der Dinge	OTH Regensburg, TU München
Sina Zimmermann	Incentives for Sustainable Tranportation Behaviour Enabled by Digital Mobility Platforms	HS Neu-Ulm; TU München
Nikolai Körber	Energy-Efficient Deep Learning-Based Image Compression for LPWANs on Resource-Constrainded AIoT	HAW Landshut; TU München
Finn Reiche	Entwicklung eines Referenzmodells zur Plattformökonomie von Hochschulen	HAW Landshut, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg
Tobias Höfer	Vergleich unterschiedlicher Deep Learning Ansätze im Hinblick auf Genauigkeit, Stabilität, Effizienz und Interpretierbarkeit	HAW München, TU München
Maximilian Hell	Synergetic use of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data for large-scale Land cover/Land use mapping	THWS Würzburg Schweinfurt, Uni Würzburg
Dominik Stecher	Fault Detection and Monitoring of District Heating Systems using Machine Learning	TH Rosenheim, FAU, Erlangen-Nürnberg
Maximilian Karthan	Adaptive Feedback for mHealth-Applications with Gamification and Serious Games	HAW Neu-Ulm, Uni Würzburg
Ulrich Ludolfinger	Reinforcement Learning for Energy Management Systems	HAW Landshut, Uni Würzburg
Franz Okyere	Slum mapping- the relationship between geometry and urban poverty in Ghana- a remote sensing and geographical information systems approach	Uni Bayreuth, THWS Würzburg-Schweinfurt
Tina Volkersdorfer	Modellierung von Security zum Testen von System-Modellen	TH Ingolstadt, Uni Passau
Lisa Keller	Society-Oriented Scientific and Engineering Discourse through Pop-Up Education	THWS Würzburg- Schweinfurt, Uni Regensburg
Mehran Dizbadi	Pro Mobile: Efficient and precise optimal positioning of mobile mapping system	THWS Würzburg-Schweinfurt; TU München
Jens Gebele	Hybridization of Emotion Recognition Systems	HAW Neu-Ulm; Uni Würzburg
Dong Wang	Infradar-SLAM: Light-Weight Indoor 3D SLAM Based on Infrared- and Radar-Fusion	TH Nürnberg; Uni Würzburg
Rolf Schmidt	Development of Failsafe Perception Sensors Concept for Use in Clinical Settings for Autonomous Motions	TH Nürnberg; Uni Würzburg
Marco Masannek	Development of Sensor- and Data Fusion Concepts and Algorithms for Safe Autonomous Robot Navigation and Manipulation in Clinical Environments	TH Nürnberg; Uni Würzburg
Maximilian Rosilius	Evaluierung der Akzeptanz-und Leistungsmanipulation der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion kognitiv-immersiver Assistenzsysteme durch Fehlereinflüsse und Informationskonfidenz	THWS Würzburg-Schweinfurt: Uni Regensburg
Marco Michl	Decentralized Trust in Multi-Stakeholder Automotive Cyber-Systems	TH Ingolstadt; Uni Passau
Daniel Hieber	Neural Network Assisted Pathology for Glioblastoma	HS Neu-Ulm, Uni Würzburg
Johannes Wirth	Spracherkennung und-synthese in deutscher Sprache mithilfe Künstlicher Intelligenz	HAW Hof, Uni Regensburg
Lars Fichtel	Tiny and Small Object Detection	THWS Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Uni Würzburg

Alumni

Dr. Rainer Koch	Sensor fusion for precise mapping of transparent and specular reflective objects	TH Nürnberg, Uni Würzburg
Prof. Dr. Christian Pfitzner	Visual body weight estimation with focus on clinical applications	TH Nürnberg, Uni Würzburg
Dr.-Ing. Maria Chizhova	Virtuelle 3D-Rekonstruktion von zerstörten russisch-orthodoxen Kirchen aus unvollständigen Punktwolken	THWS Würzburg-Schweinfurt, TU München
Dr.-Ing. Matthias Niedermaier	Security Herausforderungen und Werkzeuge für robuste industrielle Systeme im Internet-der-Dinge	HAW Augsburg; TU München
Dr. Markus Ring	Detektion sicherheitskritischer Ereignisse in Unternehmensnetzwerken mittels Data Mining	HS Coburg; Universität Würzburg
Dr. Manuel Ciba	Messung der Synchronität und Abschätzung der Konnektivität von in-vitro Spike-Trains	TH Aschaffenburg; Universität Würzburg
Dr.-Ing. Katja Auernhammer	Mask-Based Black-Box Attacks on Safety-Critical Systems thath use Maschine Learning	TH Nürnberg; FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg
Dr.-Ing. Markus Zoppelt	Software Security Design for Cyber-Physical Systems	TH Nürnberg, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gabriel Herl	Multipositionale Röntgentomographie zur Vermeidung und Reduktion von Bildartefakten	TH Deggendorf, FAU Erlangen-Nünrberg
Dr. Christian Sauer	Development, Simulation and Evaluation of Mobile Wireless Networks in Industrial Applications	THWS Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Universität Würzburg
Dr. Hanning Liang	Deflectometric Measurement of the Topography of Reflecting Freeform Surfaces in Motion	HAW Landshut, Universität Passau

Latest Publications

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[ 2020 ]
[ 2019 ]
[ 2018 ]
[ 2017 ]

2021[ to top ]

Effects of ambient parameters and cross-sensitivities from O2, CO2 and H2O on the photoacoustic detection of acetone in the UV region. Weigl, Stefan; Wittmann, Elisabeth; Rück, Thomas; Bierl, Rudolf; Matysik, Frank-Michael. In Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 328(129001). 2021.
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We present a sensitive UV LED photoacoustic setup for the detection of gaseous acetone and discuss its applicability towards breath analysis. We investigated the performance of the sensor for low acetone concentrations down to 0.1 parts per million (ppmV). The influences of temperature, flow, pressure, optical power and LED duty cycle on the measured signal have been examined. To gain a better understanding of the different effects on the photoacoustic signal, correlation analysis was applied and feature importance was determined using a large measured dataset. Furthermore, the cross-sensitivities towards O2, CO2 and H2O have been studied extensively. Finally, the sensor’s performance to detect acetone between 0.1–1 ppmV within gas mixtures simulating breath exhale conditions has been investigated, too. With a limit of detection (LoD) of 12.5 parts per billion (ppbV) (3σ) measured under typical breath exhale gas mixture conditions, the sensor demonstrated a high potential for the application of acetone detection in human breath analysis.

@article{weigl2021effects, abstract = {We present a sensitive UV LED photoacoustic setup for the detection of gaseous acetone and discuss its applicability towards breath analysis. We investigated the performance of the sensor for low acetone concentrations down to 0.1 parts per million (ppmV). The influences of temperature, flow, pressure, optical power and LED duty cycle on the measured signal have been examined. To gain a better understanding of the different effects on the photoacoustic signal, correlation analysis was applied and feature importance was determined using a large measured dataset. Furthermore, the cross-sensitivities towards O2, CO2 and H2O have been studied extensively. Finally, the sensor’s performance to detect acetone between 0.1–1 ppmV within gas mixtures simulating breath exhale conditions has been investigated, too. With a limit of detection (LoD) of 12.5 parts per billion (ppbV) (3σ) measured under typical breath exhale gas mixture conditions, the sensor demonstrated a high potential for the application of acetone detection in human breath analysis.}, author = {Weigl, Stefan and Wittmann, Elisabeth and Rück, Thomas and Bierl, Rudolf and Matysik, Frank-Michael}, journal = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical}, keywords = {ElWitt}, number = 129001, title = {Effects of ambient parameters and cross-sensitivities from O2, CO2 and H2O on the photoacoustic detection of acetone in the UV region}, volume = 328, year = 2021 }

%0 Journal Article %1 weigl2021effects %A Weigl, Stefan %A Wittmann, Elisabeth %A Rück, Thomas %A Bierl, Rudolf %A Matysik, Frank-Michael %D 2021 %J Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical %N 129001 %T Effects of ambient parameters and cross-sensitivities from O2, CO2 and H2O on the photoacoustic detection of acetone in the UV region %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.129001 %V 328 %X We present a sensitive UV LED photoacoustic setup for the detection of gaseous acetone and discuss its applicability towards breath analysis. We investigated the performance of the sensor for low acetone concentrations down to 0.1 parts per million (ppmV). The influences of temperature, flow, pressure, optical power and LED duty cycle on the measured signal have been examined. To gain a better understanding of the different effects on the photoacoustic signal, correlation analysis was applied and feature importance was determined using a large measured dataset. Furthermore, the cross-sensitivities towards O2, CO2 and H2O have been studied extensively. Finally, the sensor’s performance to detect acetone between 0.1–1 ppmV within gas mixtures simulating breath exhale conditions has been investigated, too. With a limit of detection (LoD) of 12.5 parts per billion (ppbV) (3σ) measured under typical breath exhale gas mixture conditions, the sensor demonstrated a high potential for the application of acetone detection in human breath analysis.
{Comparison of different Standards and Norms in Project Management}. Timinger, Holger; Schmidtner, Markus; Reiche, Finn. In Research Notes on Data and Process Science, (2), p. 7. 2021.
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Successful project management requires the use of process models that meet the requirements of the respective project context. Such process models can be derived from standards and norms in project management. During the 20th century, traditional, plan-based standards and norms were published by various international organizations such as the Project Management Institute or the International Project Management Association. Today, the variety of approaches includes not only the traditional ones, but also agile project management and hybrid combinations. In this paper, important standards and norms are summarized and compared. Strategies in training, professional application and the design of new procedural models can be derived from the results.

@article{timinger_holger_2021_5801844, abstract = {Successful project management requires the use of process models that meet the requirements of the respective project context. Such process models can be derived from standards and norms in project management. During the 20th century, traditional, plan-based standards and norms were published by various international organizations such as the Project Management Institute or the International Project Management Association. Today, the variety of approaches includes not only the traditional ones, but also agile project management and hybrid combinations. In this paper, important standards and norms are summarized and compared. Strategies in training, professional application and the design of new procedural models can be derived from the results.}, author = {Timinger, Holger and Schmidtner, Markus and Reiche, Finn}, journal = {Research Notes on Data and Process Science}, keywords = {mschdtn}, month = 12, number = 2, pages = 7, title = {{Comparison of different Standards and Norms in Project Management}}, year = 2021 }

%0 Journal Article %1 timinger_holger_2021_5801844 %A Timinger, Holger %A Schmidtner, Markus %A Reiche, Finn %D 2021 %J Research Notes on Data and Process Science %N 2 %P 7 %R 10.5281/zenodo.5801844 %T {Comparison of different Standards and Norms in Project Management} %U https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5801844 %X Successful project management requires the use of process models that meet the requirements of the respective project context. Such process models can be derived from standards and norms in project management. During the 20th century, traditional, plan-based standards and norms were published by various international organizations such as the Project Management Institute or the International Project Management Association. Today, the variety of approaches includes not only the traditional ones, but also agile project management and hybrid combinations. In this paper, important standards and norms are summarized and compared. Strategies in training, professional application and the design of new procedural models can be derived from the results.
Collaboration for Innovation Between Universities and Smart Cities. Doering, Claudia; Schmidtner, Markus; Timinger, Holger. In 2021 IEEE European Technology and Engineering Management Summit (E-TEMS), pp. 82–86. 2021.
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Cities are facing regularly changing societal and infrastructural needs because of multiple reasons like a growing population, new ways of life and new societal needs, climate change, or digitalization. Often, changing needs and boundary conditions show a much higher dynamic than city administrations can cope with. The development of long-term strategies and concepts for smart cities and their implementation can, thus, be facilitated by integrating knowledge and competences available at innovative research institutions, like universities. Recent studies suggest that universities may take a leading role in supporting smart city projects. Nevertheless, a clear procedural approach of the knowledge transfer between universities and smart cities has not been described or tested, yet. To address this research gap, this paper will present a reference model, which can be used as a guideline. Traditionally, the role of universities is described by its missions to teach, to conduct research and to share new findings with its stakeholders. While concepts like the ‘Quintuple Helix’ and ‘Third Mission’ try to describe the role of universities as key players in innovation projects, only few studies describe their role specifically for smart city projects. Therefore, this article will propose a structured, procedural approach for collaboration and knowledge transfer between universities and smart cities with an adaptive reference model. Due to its flexible architecture, the adaptive reference model facilitates efficient and effective knowledge transfer between universities and external partners, in this case with the stakeholders involved in smart city projects.

@inproceedings{9524896, abstract = {Cities are facing regularly changing societal and infrastructural needs because of multiple reasons like a growing population, new ways of life and new societal needs, climate change, or digitalization. Often, changing needs and boundary conditions show a much higher dynamic than city administrations can cope with. The development of long-term strategies and concepts for smart cities and their implementation can, thus, be facilitated by integrating knowledge and competences available at innovative research institutions, like universities. Recent studies suggest that universities may take a leading role in supporting smart city projects. Nevertheless, a clear procedural approach of the knowledge transfer between universities and smart cities has not been described or tested, yet. To address this research gap, this paper will present a reference model, which can be used as a guideline. Traditionally, the role of universities is described by its missions to teach, to conduct research and to share new findings with its stakeholders. While concepts like the ‘Quintuple Helix’ and ‘Third Mission’ try to describe the role of universities as key players in innovation projects, only few studies describe their role specifically for smart city projects. Therefore, this article will propose a structured, procedural approach for collaboration and knowledge transfer between universities and smart cities with an adaptive reference model. Due to its flexible architecture, the adaptive reference model facilitates efficient and effective knowledge transfer between universities and external partners, in this case with the stakeholders involved in smart city projects.}, author = {Doering, Claudia and Schmidtner, Markus and Timinger, Holger}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE European Technology and Engineering Management Summit (E-TEMS)}, keywords = {mschdtn}, month = {03}, pages = {82-86}, title = {Collaboration for Innovation Between Universities and Smart Cities}, year = 2021 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 9524896 %A Doering, Claudia %A Schmidtner, Markus %A Timinger, Holger %B 2021 IEEE European Technology and Engineering Management Summit (E-TEMS) %D 2021 %P 82-86 %R 10.1109/E-TEMS51171.2021.9524896 %T Collaboration for Innovation Between Universities and Smart Cities %U https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9524896/ %X Cities are facing regularly changing societal and infrastructural needs because of multiple reasons like a growing population, new ways of life and new societal needs, climate change, or digitalization. Often, changing needs and boundary conditions show a much higher dynamic than city administrations can cope with. The development of long-term strategies and concepts for smart cities and their implementation can, thus, be facilitated by integrating knowledge and competences available at innovative research institutions, like universities. Recent studies suggest that universities may take a leading role in supporting smart city projects. Nevertheless, a clear procedural approach of the knowledge transfer between universities and smart cities has not been described or tested, yet. To address this research gap, this paper will present a reference model, which can be used as a guideline. Traditionally, the role of universities is described by its missions to teach, to conduct research and to share new findings with its stakeholders. While concepts like the ‘Quintuple Helix’ and ‘Third Mission’ try to describe the role of universities as key players in innovation projects, only few studies describe their role specifically for smart city projects. Therefore, this article will propose a structured, procedural approach for collaboration and knowledge transfer between universities and smart cities with an adaptive reference model. Due to its flexible architecture, the adaptive reference model facilitates efficient and effective knowledge transfer between universities and external partners, in this case with the stakeholders involved in smart city projects.
A fractional 0–1 decision making approach for process variant management. Schmidtner, Markus; Doering, Claudia; Hilpoltsteiner, Daniel; Martens, Maren; Timinger, Holger. In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC), pp. 1–8. 2021.
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The handling of process variants is becoming a more prevalent problem as companies have to maintain multiple processes that only differ in a small way. If changes in the process occur all variants have to be changed at the same time. This is highly cost and time intensive, especially for bigger companies. To address this problem, we have developed the Adamo modelling tool, which allows to generate only one master process and to derive possible variants automatically by inserting parameters. So far, this approach was based on Boolean logic, but this strict and clear-cut decision making was not suitable for all types of processes. Sometimes a more gradual approach was needed. Thus, we want to present in this paper the next step in Adamo development by adding a fractional 0–1 decision making option to the tool.

@inproceedings{9570229, abstract = {The handling of process variants is becoming a more prevalent problem as companies have to maintain multiple processes that only differ in a small way. If changes in the process occur all variants have to be changed at the same time. This is highly cost and time intensive, especially for bigger companies. To address this problem, we have developed the Adamo modelling tool, which allows to generate only one master process and to derive possible variants automatically by inserting parameters. So far, this approach was based on Boolean logic, but this strict and clear-cut decision making was not suitable for all types of processes. Sometimes a more gradual approach was needed. Thus, we want to present in this paper the next step in Adamo development by adding a fractional 0–1 decision making option to the tool.}, author = {Schmidtner, Markus and Doering, Claudia and Hilpoltsteiner, Daniel and Martens, Maren and Timinger, Holger}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC)}, keywords = {mschdtn}, month = {06}, pages = {1-8}, title = {A fractional 0–1 decision making approach for process variant management}, year = 2021 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 9570229 %A Schmidtner, Markus %A Doering, Claudia %A Hilpoltsteiner, Daniel %A Martens, Maren %A Timinger, Holger %B 2021 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC) %D 2021 %P 1-8 %R 10.1109/ICE/ITMC52061.2021.9570229 %T A fractional 0–1 decision making approach for process variant management %U https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9570229/ %X The handling of process variants is becoming a more prevalent problem as companies have to maintain multiple processes that only differ in a small way. If changes in the process occur all variants have to be changed at the same time. This is highly cost and time intensive, especially for bigger companies. To address this problem, we have developed the Adamo modelling tool, which allows to generate only one master process and to derive possible variants automatically by inserting parameters. So far, this approach was based on Boolean logic, but this strict and clear-cut decision making was not suitable for all types of processes. Sometimes a more gradual approach was needed. Thus, we want to present in this paper the next step in Adamo development by adding a fractional 0–1 decision making option to the tool.
{ACCURACY} {INVESTIGATION} {ON} {IMAGE}-{BASED} {CHANGE} {DETECTION} {FOR} {BIM} {COMPLIANT} {INDOOR} {MODELS}. Meyer, T.; Brunn, A.; Stilla, U. In {ISPRS} Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, V-4-2021, pp. 105–112. Copernicus {GmbH}, 2021.
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Construction progress documentation is currently of great interest for the AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) branch and BIM (Building Information Modeling). Subject of this work is the geometric accuracy assessment of image-based change detection in indoor environments based on a BIM. Line features usually serve well as geodetic references in indoor scenes in order to solve for camera orientation. However, building edges are never perfectly built as planned and often geometrically generalized for BIM compliant representation. As a result, in this approach, line correspondences for image-to-model co-registration are considered as statistically uncertain entities as this is essential for dealing with metric confidences in the field of civil engineering and BIM. We present an estimation model for camera pose refinement which is based on the incidence condition between model edges and corresponding image lines. Geometric accuracies are assigned to the model edges according to the Level of Accuracy (LOA) specification for BIM. The approach is demonstrated in a series of tests using a synthetic image of an indoor BIM. The effects of varying edge detection accuracies on the estimation are investigated as well as the effects of using model edges with different geometric quality by adding Gaussian noise to the synthetic observations, each within 100 simulation runs. The results show that the camera orientation can be improved with the presented estimation model as long as the BIM compliant references meet the conditions of LOA 30 or higher (σ < 7.5 mm).

@article{Meyer_2021, abstract = {Construction progress documentation is currently of great interest for the AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) branch and BIM (Building Information Modeling). Subject of this work is the geometric accuracy assessment of image-based change detection in indoor environments based on a BIM. Line features usually serve well as geodetic references in indoor scenes in order to solve for camera orientation. However, building edges are never perfectly built as planned and often geometrically generalized for BIM compliant representation. As a result, in this approach, line correspondences for image-to-model co-registration are considered as statistically uncertain entities as this is essential for dealing with metric confidences in the field of civil engineering and BIM. We present an estimation model for camera pose refinement which is based on the incidence condition between model edges and corresponding image lines. Geometric accuracies are assigned to the model edges according to the Level of Accuracy (LOA) specification for BIM. The approach is demonstrated in a series of tests using a synthetic image of an indoor BIM. The effects of varying edge detection accuracies on the estimation are investigated as well as the effects of using model edges with different geometric quality by adding Gaussian noise to the synthetic observations, each within 100 simulation runs. The results show that the camera orientation can be improved with the presented estimation model as long as the BIM compliant references meet the conditions of LOA 30 or higher (σ < 7.5 mm).}, author = {Meyer, T. and Brunn, A. and Stilla, U.}, journal = {{ISPRS} Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences}, keywords = {thmey}, month = {06}, pages = {105–112}, publisher = {Copernicus {GmbH}}, title = {{ACCURACY} {INVESTIGATION} {ON} {IMAGE}-{BASED} {CHANGE} {DETECTION} {FOR} {BIM} {COMPLIANT} {INDOOR} {MODELS}}, volume = {V-4-2021}, year = 2021 }

%0 Journal Article %1 Meyer_2021 %A Meyer, T. %A Brunn, A. %A Stilla, U. %D 2021 %I Copernicus {GmbH} %J {ISPRS} Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences %P 105--112 %R 10.5194/isprs-annals-v-4-2021-105-2021 %T {ACCURACY} {INVESTIGATION} {ON} {IMAGE}-{BASED} {CHANGE} {DETECTION} {FOR} {BIM} {COMPLIANT} {INDOOR} {MODELS} %U https://doi.org/10.5194%2Fisprs-annals-v-4-2021-105-2021 %V V-4-2021 %X Construction progress documentation is currently of great interest for the AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) branch and BIM (Building Information Modeling). Subject of this work is the geometric accuracy assessment of image-based change detection in indoor environments based on a BIM. Line features usually serve well as geodetic references in indoor scenes in order to solve for camera orientation. However, building edges are never perfectly built as planned and often geometrically generalized for BIM compliant representation. As a result, in this approach, line correspondences for image-to-model co-registration are considered as statistically uncertain entities as this is essential for dealing with metric confidences in the field of civil engineering and BIM. We present an estimation model for camera pose refinement which is based on the incidence condition between model edges and corresponding image lines. Geometric accuracies are assigned to the model edges according to the Level of Accuracy (LOA) specification for BIM. The approach is demonstrated in a series of tests using a synthetic image of an indoor BIM. The effects of varying edge detection accuracies on the estimation are investigated as well as the effects of using model edges with different geometric quality by adding Gaussian noise to the synthetic observations, each within 100 simulation runs. The results show that the camera orientation can be improved with the presented estimation model as long as the BIM compliant references meet the conditions of LOA 30 or higher (σ < 7.5 mm).
Digital Nudging Toward Pro-Environmental Behavior: A Literature Review. Zimmermann, Sina; Hein, Andreas; Schulz, Thomas; Gewald, Heiko; Krcmar, Helmut. Vol. Paper 73. Proceedings of the 25th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS), 2021.
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Over recent years, attention to the urgency of climate change and creating a more sustainable future has risen significantly. However, many people still have not changed their behavior and gone greener even though they know about the severe consequences. Green information systems (IS) provides a promising research agenda to tackle environmental problems with IT-enabled solutions. Digital nudges can be an especially effective instrument in inducing behavior changes. However, due to the interdisciplinary nature of digital nudging, the concept disperses into different research fields. To structure the existing knowledge, we conducted a literature review including 43 research articles. Our research organizes and analyses the extant work on digital nudges toward pro-environmental behavior. The results show that the effects of digital nudges depend on their moment of application. Based on our results, we derive directions for future research of digital nudging in IS research.

@proceedings{zimmermann2021digital, abstract = {Over recent years, attention to the urgency of climate change and creating a more sustainable future has risen significantly. However, many people still have not changed their behavior and gone greener even though they know about the severe consequences. Green information systems (IS) provides a promising research agenda to tackle environmental problems with IT-enabled solutions. Digital nudges can be an especially effective instrument in inducing behavior changes. However, due to the interdisciplinary nature of digital nudging, the concept disperses into different research fields. To structure the existing knowledge, we conducted a literature review including 43 research articles. Our research organizes and analyses the extant work on digital nudges toward pro-environmental behavior. The results show that the effects of digital nudges depend on their moment of application. Based on our results, we derive directions for future research of digital nudging in IS research.}, author = {Zimmermann, Sina and Hein, Andreas and Schulz, Thomas and Gewald, Heiko and Krcmar, Helmut}, keywords = {SZim}, month = {07}, organization = {Proceedings of the 25th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS)}, title = {Digital Nudging Toward Pro-Environmental Behavior: A Literature Review}, volume = {Paper 73}, year = 2021 }

%0 Conference Proceedings %1 zimmermann2021digital %A Zimmermann, Sina %A Hein, Andreas %A Schulz, Thomas %A Gewald, Heiko %A Krcmar, Helmut %D 2021 %T Digital Nudging Toward Pro-Environmental Behavior: A Literature Review %V Paper 73 %X Over recent years, attention to the urgency of climate change and creating a more sustainable future has risen significantly. However, many people still have not changed their behavior and gone greener even though they know about the severe consequences. Green information systems (IS) provides a promising research agenda to tackle environmental problems with IT-enabled solutions. Digital nudges can be an especially effective instrument in inducing behavior changes. However, due to the interdisciplinary nature of digital nudging, the concept disperses into different research fields. To structure the existing knowledge, we conducted a literature review including 43 research articles. Our research organizes and analyses the extant work on digital nudges toward pro-environmental behavior. The results show that the effects of digital nudges depend on their moment of application. Based on our results, we derive directions for future research of digital nudging in IS research.
The Role of Utilitarian vs. Hedonic Factors for the Adoption of AI-based Smart Speakers. Zimmermann, Sina; Wagner, Heinz-Theo; Rössler, Philipp; Gewald, Heiko; Krcmar, Helmut. In (Proceedings of the) 27th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) "Digital Innovation and Entrepreneurship", Vol. Paper 1236. 2021.
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Smart speakers like Amazon Echo, Google Home, and Apple Home Pod are designed to facilitate the everyday lives of their owners and constantly gaining importance. However, to date, little is known how the service promises of smart speakers, e.g., pleasure-oriented services versus productivity-oriented services, affect individuals’ acceptance and use of smart speakers. To shed light on this issue, we conducted a qualitative study, including a trial phase, with Amazon’s Echo Dot. We provide a model of enablers and inhibitors for the acceptance of smart speakers. Our results reveal that the identified constructs can be combined into eight factors, which are directly influencing the intention to use smart speakers. Among those are perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment which differentially affect the intention to use smart speakers. Our results provide implications for both practitioners and researchers and are intended as starting point for future research on the acceptance of smart speakers.

@inproceedings{zimmermann2021utilitarian, abstract = {Smart speakers like Amazon Echo, Google Home, and Apple Home Pod are designed to facilitate the everyday lives of their owners and constantly gaining importance. However, to date, little is known how the service promises of smart speakers, e.g., pleasure-oriented services versus productivity-oriented services, affect individuals’ acceptance and use of smart speakers. To shed light on this issue, we conducted a qualitative study, including a trial phase, with Amazon’s Echo Dot. We provide a model of enablers and inhibitors for the acceptance of smart speakers. Our results reveal that the identified constructs can be combined into eight factors, which are directly influencing the intention to use smart speakers. Among those are perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment which differentially affect the intention to use smart speakers. Our results provide implications for both practitioners and researchers and are intended as starting point for future research on the acceptance of smart speakers.}, author = {Zimmermann, Sina and Wagner, Heinz-Theo and Rössler, Philipp and Gewald, Heiko and Krcmar, Helmut}, booktitle = {(Proceedings of the) 27th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) "Digital Innovation and Entrepreneurship"}, keywords = {SZim}, month = {08}, title = {The Role of Utilitarian vs. Hedonic Factors for the Adoption of AI-based Smart Speakers}, volume = {Paper 1236}, year = 2021 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 zimmermann2021utilitarian %A Zimmermann, Sina %A Wagner, Heinz-Theo %A Rössler, Philipp %A Gewald, Heiko %A Krcmar, Helmut %B (Proceedings of the) 27th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) "Digital Innovation and Entrepreneurship" %D 2021 %T The Role of Utilitarian vs. Hedonic Factors for the Adoption of AI-based Smart Speakers %V Paper 1236 %X Smart speakers like Amazon Echo, Google Home, and Apple Home Pod are designed to facilitate the everyday lives of their owners and constantly gaining importance. However, to date, little is known how the service promises of smart speakers, e.g., pleasure-oriented services versus productivity-oriented services, affect individuals’ acceptance and use of smart speakers. To shed light on this issue, we conducted a qualitative study, including a trial phase, with Amazon’s Echo Dot. We provide a model of enablers and inhibitors for the acceptance of smart speakers. Our results reveal that the identified constructs can be combined into eight factors, which are directly influencing the intention to use smart speakers. Among those are perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment which differentially affect the intention to use smart speakers. Our results provide implications for both practitioners and researchers and are intended as starting point for future research on the acceptance of smart speakers.
Assessing the lack of context knowledge for a pedestrian predicting neural network. Kerscher, Stefan; Müller, Nikolaus; Ludwig, Bernd. In International Journal of Intelligent Robotics and Applications, 6(3), pp. 467–482. Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}, 2021.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
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Ensuring a safe journey with an autonomous vehicle, the surrounding has to be sensed and understood. Especially human intuition about the plans and intentions of traffic participants is hard to model for machines. In literature, there are already several prediction techniques existing for pedestrians, which are based on different features. Some models are very complex, whereas others only rely on the considered person’s motion. The goal of this work is to analyze the importance of different classes of context knowledge for the prediction performance, derive features to remove this lack of information and prove this by an improved prediction algorithm. In order to judge the lack of context knowledge, we analyze the prediction performance and error cases of a long short-term memory (LSTM) Neural Network as State-of-the-Art prediction algorithm, only based on motion data. The Network is trained and evaluated on a benchmark dataset, to make the results comparable to other approaches. Analyzing the most error-prone predictions, the missing context shall be identified, which could improve the prediction results. Since the data was generated by video, we can evaluate the whole scenario and identify the influencing factors. The found influences were classified in categories and their importance for the prediction model estimated. We prove the necessity of additional context knowledge by retraining a neural network with additional context knowledge. In a literature research we compare our found results to existing approaches.

@article{Kerscher_2021, abstract = {Ensuring a safe journey with an autonomous vehicle, the surrounding has to be sensed and understood. Especially human intuition about the plans and intentions of traffic participants is hard to model for machines. In literature, there are already several prediction techniques existing for pedestrians, which are based on different features. Some models are very complex, whereas others only rely on the considered person’s motion. The goal of this work is to analyze the importance of different classes of context knowledge for the prediction performance, derive features to remove this lack of information and prove this by an improved prediction algorithm. In order to judge the lack of context knowledge, we analyze the prediction performance and error cases of a long short-term memory (LSTM) Neural Network as State-of-the-Art prediction algorithm, only based on motion data. The Network is trained and evaluated on a benchmark dataset, to make the results comparable to other approaches. Analyzing the most error-prone predictions, the missing context shall be identified, which could improve the prediction results. Since the data was generated by video, we can evaluate the whole scenario and identify the influencing factors. The found influences were classified in categories and their importance for the prediction model estimated. We prove the necessity of additional context knowledge by retraining a neural network with additional context knowledge. In a literature research we compare our found results to existing approaches.}, author = {Kerscher, Stefan and Müller, Nikolaus and Ludwig, Bernd}, journal = {International Journal of Intelligent Robotics and Applications}, keywords = {skersch}, month = 10, number = 3, pages = {467–482}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}}, title = {Assessing the lack of context knowledge for a pedestrian predicting neural network}, volume = 6, year = 2021 }

%0 Journal Article %1 Kerscher_2021 %A Kerscher, Stefan %A Müller, Nikolaus %A Ludwig, Bernd %D 2021 %I Springer Science and Business Media {LLC} %J International Journal of Intelligent Robotics and Applications %N 3 %P 467--482 %R 10.1007/s41315-021-00208-w %T Assessing the lack of context knowledge for a pedestrian predicting neural network %U https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs41315-021-00208-w %V 6 %X Ensuring a safe journey with an autonomous vehicle, the surrounding has to be sensed and understood. Especially human intuition about the plans and intentions of traffic participants is hard to model for machines. In literature, there are already several prediction techniques existing for pedestrians, which are based on different features. Some models are very complex, whereas others only rely on the considered person’s motion. The goal of this work is to analyze the importance of different classes of context knowledge for the prediction performance, derive features to remove this lack of information and prove this by an improved prediction algorithm. In order to judge the lack of context knowledge, we analyze the prediction performance and error cases of a long short-term memory (LSTM) Neural Network as State-of-the-Art prediction algorithm, only based on motion data. The Network is trained and evaluated on a benchmark dataset, to make the results comparable to other approaches. Analyzing the most error-prone predictions, the missing context shall be identified, which could improve the prediction results. Since the data was generated by video, we can evaluate the whole scenario and identify the influencing factors. The found influences were classified in categories and their importance for the prediction model estimated. We prove the necessity of additional context knowledge by retraining a neural network with additional context knowledge. In a literature research we compare our found results to existing approaches.
Assessing the lack of context knowledge for a pedestrian predicting neural network. Kerscher, Stefan; Müller, Nikolaus; Ludwig, Bernd. In International Journal of Intelligent Robotics and Applications. Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}, 2021.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
- [ DOI ]
Ensuring a safe journey with an autonomous vehicle, the surrounding has to be sensed and understood. Especially human intuition about the plans and intentions of traffic participants is hard to model for machines. In literature, there are already several prediction techniques existing for pedestrians, which are based on different features. Some models are very complex, whereas others only rely on the considered person’s motion. The goal of this work is to analyze the importance of different classes of context knowledge for the prediction performance, derive features to remove this lack of information and prove this by an improved prediction algorithm. In order to judge the lack of context knowledge, we analyze the prediction performance and error cases of a long short-term memory (LSTM) Neural Network as State-of-the-Art prediction algorithm, only based on motion data. The Network is trained and evaluated on a benchmark dataset, to make the results comparable to other approaches. Analyzing the most error-prone predictions, the missing context shall be identified, which could improve the prediction results. Since the data was generated by video, we can evaluate the whole scenario and identify the influencing factors. The found influences were classified in categories and their importance for the prediction model estimated. We prove the necessity of additional context knowledge by retraining a neural network with additional context knowledge. In a literature research we compare our found results to existing approaches.

@article{Kerscher_2021, abstract = {Ensuring a safe journey with an autonomous vehicle, the surrounding has to be sensed and understood. Especially human intuition about the plans and intentions of traffic participants is hard to model for machines. In literature, there are already several prediction techniques existing for pedestrians, which are based on different features. Some models are very complex, whereas others only rely on the considered person’s motion. The goal of this work is to analyze the importance of different classes of context knowledge for the prediction performance, derive features to remove this lack of information and prove this by an improved prediction algorithm. In order to judge the lack of context knowledge, we analyze the prediction performance and error cases of a long short-term memory (LSTM) Neural Network as State-of-the-Art prediction algorithm, only based on motion data. The Network is trained and evaluated on a benchmark dataset, to make the results comparable to other approaches. Analyzing the most error-prone predictions, the missing context shall be identified, which could improve the prediction results. Since the data was generated by video, we can evaluate the whole scenario and identify the influencing factors. The found influences were classified in categories and their importance for the prediction model estimated. We prove the necessity of additional context knowledge by retraining a neural network with additional context knowledge. In a literature research we compare our found results to existing approaches.}, author = {Kerscher, Stefan and Müller, Nikolaus and Ludwig, Bernd}, journal = {International Journal of Intelligent Robotics and Applications}, keywords = {SKer}, month = 10, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}}, title = {Assessing the lack of context knowledge for a pedestrian predicting neural network}, year = 2021 }

%0 Journal Article %1 Kerscher_2021 %A Kerscher, Stefan %A Müller, Nikolaus %A Ludwig, Bernd %D 2021 %I Springer Science and Business Media {LLC} %J International Journal of Intelligent Robotics and Applications %R 10.1007/s41315-021-00208-w %T Assessing the lack of context knowledge for a pedestrian predicting neural network %U https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs41315-021-00208-w %X Ensuring a safe journey with an autonomous vehicle, the surrounding has to be sensed and understood. Especially human intuition about the plans and intentions of traffic participants is hard to model for machines. In literature, there are already several prediction techniques existing for pedestrians, which are based on different features. Some models are very complex, whereas others only rely on the considered person’s motion. The goal of this work is to analyze the importance of different classes of context knowledge for the prediction performance, derive features to remove this lack of information and prove this by an improved prediction algorithm. In order to judge the lack of context knowledge, we analyze the prediction performance and error cases of a long short-term memory (LSTM) Neural Network as State-of-the-Art prediction algorithm, only based on motion data. The Network is trained and evaluated on a benchmark dataset, to make the results comparable to other approaches. Analyzing the most error-prone predictions, the missing context shall be identified, which could improve the prediction results. Since the data was generated by video, we can evaluate the whole scenario and identify the influencing factors. The found influences were classified in categories and their importance for the prediction model estimated. We prove the necessity of additional context knowledge by retraining a neural network with additional context knowledge. In a literature research we compare our found results to existing approaches.
Task-Specific Trajectory Optimisation for Twin-Robotic X-Ray Tomography. Herl, G; Hiller, J; Thies, M; Zaech, J; Unberath, M; Maier, A. In IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging, 7, pp. 894–907. 2021.
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With the advent of robotic C-arm computed tomography (CT) systems in medicine and twin-robotic CT systems in industry, new possibilities for the realisation of complex trajectories for CT scans are emerging. These trajectories will increase the range of CT applications, enable optimisation of image quality for many applications and open up new possibilities to reduce scan time and radiation dose. In this work, trajectory optimisation methods for optimising both, task-based data quality and data completeness, are presented by combining two different metrics. On the one hand, task-based data quality is optimised with a proven observer model. On the other hand, a Tuy-based metric is utilised to optimise data completeness. Both metrics capture mutually exclusive properties of the trajectory which are necessary, but alone are not sufficient for trajectory optimisation. Hence, existing task-driven trajectory optimisation approaches require additional input to decide on an overall optimal trajectory, e.g. in most cases constraints on the trajectory. Advantages and disadvantages of the presented methods are investigated. It is shown that by combining both metrics, trajectory optimisation for arbitrary geometries becomes possible. In application examples it is shown that this can be used for trajectory optimisation of challenging scanning tasks involving metal parts as well as for trajectory optimisation to reduce the number of projections while ensuring task-dependently high image quality. In total, the results of this work enable new applications for X-ray CT, especially for twin-robotic CT systems which are able to benefit from a high number of degrees of freedom.

@article{noauthororeditor2021taskspecific, abstract = {With the advent of robotic C-arm computed tomography (CT) systems in medicine and twin-robotic CT systems in industry, new possibilities for the realisation of complex trajectories for CT scans are emerging. These trajectories will increase the range of CT applications, enable optimisation of image quality for many applications and open up new possibilities to reduce scan time and radiation dose. In this work, trajectory optimisation methods for optimising both, task-based data quality and data completeness, are presented by combining two different metrics. On the one hand, task-based data quality is optimised with a proven observer model. On the other hand, a Tuy-based metric is utilised to optimise data completeness. Both metrics capture mutually exclusive properties of the trajectory which are necessary, but alone are not sufficient for trajectory optimisation. Hence, existing task-driven trajectory optimisation approaches require additional input to decide on an overall optimal trajectory, e.g. in most cases constraints on the trajectory. Advantages and disadvantages of the presented methods are investigated. It is shown that by combining both metrics, trajectory optimisation for arbitrary geometries becomes possible. In application examples it is shown that this can be used for trajectory optimisation of challenging scanning tasks involving metal parts as well as for trajectory optimisation to reduce the number of projections while ensuring task-dependently high image quality. In total, the results of this work enable new applications for X-ray CT, especially for twin-robotic CT systems which are able to benefit from a high number of degrees of freedom.}, author = {Herl, G and Hiller, J and Thies, M and Zaech, J and Unberath, M and Maier, A}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging}, keywords = {gher}, month = {11 August}, pages = {894 - 907}, title = {Task-Specific Trajectory Optimisation for Twin-Robotic X-Ray Tomography}, volume = 7, year = 2021 }

%0 Journal Article %1 noauthororeditor2021taskspecific %A Herl, G %A Hiller, J %A Thies, M %A Zaech, J %A Unberath, M %A Maier, A %D 2021 %J IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging %P 894 - 907 %R 10.1109/TCI.2021.3102824 %T Task-Specific Trajectory Optimisation for Twin-Robotic X-Ray Tomography %V 7 %X With the advent of robotic C-arm computed tomography (CT) systems in medicine and twin-robotic CT systems in industry, new possibilities for the realisation of complex trajectories for CT scans are emerging. These trajectories will increase the range of CT applications, enable optimisation of image quality for many applications and open up new possibilities to reduce scan time and radiation dose. In this work, trajectory optimisation methods for optimising both, task-based data quality and data completeness, are presented by combining two different metrics. On the one hand, task-based data quality is optimised with a proven observer model. On the other hand, a Tuy-based metric is utilised to optimise data completeness. Both metrics capture mutually exclusive properties of the trajectory which are necessary, but alone are not sufficient for trajectory optimisation. Hence, existing task-driven trajectory optimisation approaches require additional input to decide on an overall optimal trajectory, e.g. in most cases constraints on the trajectory. Advantages and disadvantages of the presented methods are investigated. It is shown that by combining both metrics, trajectory optimisation for arbitrary geometries becomes possible. In application examples it is shown that this can be used for trajectory optimisation of challenging scanning tasks involving metal parts as well as for trajectory optimisation to reduce the number of projections while ensuring task-dependently high image quality. In total, the results of this work enable new applications for X-ray CT, especially for twin-robotic CT systems which are able to benefit from a high number of degrees of freedom.
Tiny Generative Image Compression for Bandwidth-Constrained Sensor Applications. Körber, Nikolai; Siebert, Andreas; Hauke, Sascha; Mueller-Gritschneder, Daniel. In 2021 20th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA), pp. 564–569. 2021.
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Deep image compression algorithms based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a promising direction to address the strict communication bandwidth limitations commonly encountered in IoT sensor networks (e.g. Low Power Wide Area Networks). However, current methods do not consider that the sensor nodes, which perform the image encoding, usually only offer very limited computation and memory capabilities, e.g. a resource-constrained tiny device such as a micro-controller. In this paper, we propose the first tiny generative image compression method specifically designed for image compression on micro-controllers. We base our encoder on the well-known MobileNetV2 network architecture, while keeping the decoder side fixed. To cope with the resulting asymmetric design of the compression pipeline, we investigate the impact of different training strategies (end-to-end, knowledge distillation) and integer quantization techniques (post-training, quantization-aware training) on the GAN-training stability. On the Cityscapes dataset, we achieve a compression performance that is very close to the state-of-the-art, while requiring 99% less SRAM size, 97% smaller flash storage and 87% less multiply-add operations. Our findings suggest that tiny generative image compression is particularly well suited for application-specific domains.

@inproceedings{9680093, abstract = {Deep image compression algorithms based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a promising direction to address the strict communication bandwidth limitations commonly encountered in IoT sensor networks (e.g. Low Power Wide Area Networks). However, current methods do not consider that the sensor nodes, which perform the image encoding, usually only offer very limited computation and memory capabilities, e.g. a resource-constrained tiny device such as a micro-controller. In this paper, we propose the first tiny generative image compression method specifically designed for image compression on micro-controllers. We base our encoder on the well-known MobileNetV2 network architecture, while keeping the decoder side fixed. To cope with the resulting asymmetric design of the compression pipeline, we investigate the impact of different training strategies (end-to-end, knowledge distillation) and integer quantization techniques (post-training, quantization-aware training) on the GAN-training stability. On the Cityscapes dataset, we achieve a compression performance that is very close to the state-of-the-art, while requiring 99% less SRAM size, 97% smaller flash storage and 87% less multiply-add operations. Our findings suggest that tiny generative image compression is particularly well suited for application-specific domains.}, author = {Körber, Nikolai and Siebert, Andreas and Hauke, Sascha and Mueller-Gritschneder, Daniel}, booktitle = {2021 20th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)}, keywords = {nkör}, month = 12, pages = {564-569}, title = {Tiny Generative Image Compression for Bandwidth-Constrained Sensor Applications}, year = 2021 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 9680093 %A Körber, Nikolai %A Siebert, Andreas %A Hauke, Sascha %A Mueller-Gritschneder, Daniel %B 2021 20th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA) %D 2021 %P 564-569 %R 10.1109/ICMLA52953.2021.00094 %T Tiny Generative Image Compression for Bandwidth-Constrained Sensor Applications %U https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9680093/ %X Deep image compression algorithms based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a promising direction to address the strict communication bandwidth limitations commonly encountered in IoT sensor networks (e.g. Low Power Wide Area Networks). However, current methods do not consider that the sensor nodes, which perform the image encoding, usually only offer very limited computation and memory capabilities, e.g. a resource-constrained tiny device such as a micro-controller. In this paper, we propose the first tiny generative image compression method specifically designed for image compression on micro-controllers. We base our encoder on the well-known MobileNetV2 network architecture, while keeping the decoder side fixed. To cope with the resulting asymmetric design of the compression pipeline, we investigate the impact of different training strategies (end-to-end, knowledge distillation) and integer quantization techniques (post-training, quantization-aware training) on the GAN-training stability. On the Cityscapes dataset, we achieve a compression performance that is very close to the state-of-the-art, while requiring 99% less SRAM size, 97% smaller flash storage and 87% less multiply-add operations. Our findings suggest that tiny generative image compression is particularly well suited for application-specific domains.
Value co-creation and co-destruction in service ecosystems: The case of the Reach Now app. Schulz, Thomas; Zimmermann, Sina; Böhm, Markus; Gewald, Heiko; Krcmar, Helmut. In Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 170, issue C, F. Philips (ed.). 2021.
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In recent years, a change in business logic from goods-dominant (G-D) to service-dominant (S-D) logic can be observed widely. For instance, in the case of the mobility sector, companies such as Daimler AG and the BMW Group are shifting from solely producing cars to also providing mobility services. One fruit of their efforts is the Reach Now app, which supports users by combining multiple mobility services. Although such an app can contribute significantly to achieving smart mobility and thereby making the use of the private car less predominant, only a relatively small number of people use it. In this article, we adopt the S-D logic perspective to analyze the link between value formation (i.e., value co-creation and co-destruction) in customer-to-business relationships and business-to-business relationships in the service ecosystem of the Reach Now app based on an analysis of customer reviews of the Reach Now app in the Android Google Play Store between 2016 and 2019. We complement this analysis with interviews with representatives from six German public transport organizations and the Moovel Group GmbH, the app provider. Based on our analysis, we develop an interactional phase-based perspective on value formations in the tripartite relationship between app users, the Moovel Group GmbH, and public transport organizations. Our work complements previous S-D logic studies that (1) do not focus on information technology-enabled value formation, (2) neglect the concept of value co-destruction, (3) analyze only single dyadic actor-to-actor relationships, and/or (4) examine an established service ecosystem.

@article{schulz2021value, abstract = {In recent years, a change in business logic from goods-dominant (G-D) to service-dominant (S-D) logic can be observed widely. For instance, in the case of the mobility sector, companies such as Daimler AG and the BMW Group are shifting from solely producing cars to also providing mobility services. One fruit of their efforts is the Reach Now app, which supports users by combining multiple mobility services. Although such an app can contribute significantly to achieving smart mobility and thereby making the use of the private car less predominant, only a relatively small number of people use it. In this article, we adopt the S-D logic perspective to analyze the link between value formation (i.e., value co-creation and co-destruction) in customer-to-business relationships and business-to-business relationships in the service ecosystem of the Reach Now app based on an analysis of customer reviews of the Reach Now app in the Android Google Play Store between 2016 and 2019. We complement this analysis with interviews with representatives from six German public transport organizations and the Moovel Group GmbH, the app provider. Based on our analysis, we develop an interactional phase-based perspective on value formations in the tripartite relationship between app users, the Moovel Group GmbH, and public transport organizations. Our work complements previous S-D logic studies that (1) do not focus on information technology-enabled value formation, (2) neglect the concept of value co-destruction, (3) analyze only single dyadic actor-to-actor relationships, and/or (4) examine an established service ecosystem.}, author = {Schulz, Thomas and Zimmermann, Sina and Böhm, Markus and Gewald, Heiko and Krcmar, Helmut}, editor = {Philips, Fred}, journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change}, keywords = {SZim}, month = {09}, title = {Value co-creation and co-destruction in service ecosystems: The case of the Reach Now app}, volume = {170, issue C}, year = 2021 }

%0 Journal Article %1 schulz2021value %A Schulz, Thomas %A Zimmermann, Sina %A Böhm, Markus %A Gewald, Heiko %A Krcmar, Helmut %D 2021 %E Philips, Fred %J Technological Forecasting and Social Change %R https://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/redir.pf?uhttps%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.techfore.2021.120926;hrepec:eee:tefoso:v:170:y:2021:i:c:s0040162521003589 %T Value co-creation and co-destruction in service ecosystems: The case of the Reach Now app %U https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162521003589 %V 170, issue C %X In recent years, a change in business logic from goods-dominant (G-D) to service-dominant (S-D) logic can be observed widely. For instance, in the case of the mobility sector, companies such as Daimler AG and the BMW Group are shifting from solely producing cars to also providing mobility services. One fruit of their efforts is the Reach Now app, which supports users by combining multiple mobility services. Although such an app can contribute significantly to achieving smart mobility and thereby making the use of the private car less predominant, only a relatively small number of people use it. In this article, we adopt the S-D logic perspective to analyze the link between value formation (i.e., value co-creation and co-destruction) in customer-to-business relationships and business-to-business relationships in the service ecosystem of the Reach Now app based on an analysis of customer reviews of the Reach Now app in the Android Google Play Store between 2016 and 2019. We complement this analysis with interviews with representatives from six German public transport organizations and the Moovel Group GmbH, the app provider. Based on our analysis, we develop an interactional phase-based perspective on value formations in the tripartite relationship between app users, the Moovel Group GmbH, and public transport organizations. Our work complements previous S-D logic studies that (1) do not focus on information technology-enabled value formation, (2) neglect the concept of value co-destruction, (3) analyze only single dyadic actor-to-actor relationships, and/or (4) examine an established service ecosystem.
Social Engineering Exploits in Automotive Software Security: Modeling Human-targeted Attacks with SAM. Bergler, M; Tolvanen, JP; Zoppelt, M; Tavakoli Kolagari, R. In The 31st European Safety and Reliability Conference, Angers, France, B. Castanier, M. Cepin, D. Bigaud, C. Berenguer (eds.). 2021.
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Security cannot be implemented into a system retrospectively without considerable effort, so security must be taken into consideration already at the beginning of the system development. The engineering of automotive software is by no means an exception to this rule. For addressing automotive security, the AUTOSAR and EAST-ADL standards for domain-specific system and component modeling provide the central foundation as a start. The EAST�ADL extension SAM enables fully integrated security modeling for traditional feature-targeted attacks. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of cyber-attacks has increased tremendously and of these, about 98 percent are based on social engineering attacks. These social engineering attacks exploit vulnerabilities in human behaviors, rather than vulnerabilities in a system, to inflict damage. And these social engineering attacks also play a relevant but nonetheless regularly neglected role for automotive software. The contribution of this paper is a novel modeling concept for social engineering attacks and their criticality assessment integrated into a general automotive software security modeling approach. This makes it possible to relate social engineering exploits with feature-related attacks. To elevate the practical usage, we implemented an integration of this concept into the established, domain-specific modeling tool MetaEdit+. The tool support enables collaboration between stakeholders, calculates vulnerability scores, and enables the specification of security objectives and measures to eliminate vulnerabilities.

@inproceedings{bergler2021social, abstract = {Security cannot be implemented into a system retrospectively without considerable effort, so security must be taken into consideration already at the beginning of the system development. The engineering of automotive software is by no means an exception to this rule. For addressing automotive security, the AUTOSAR and EAST-ADL standards for domain-specific system and component modeling provide the central foundation as a start. The EAST�ADL extension SAM enables fully integrated security modeling for traditional feature-targeted attacks. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of cyber-attacks has increased tremendously and of these, about 98 percent are based on social engineering attacks. These social engineering attacks exploit vulnerabilities in human behaviors, rather than vulnerabilities in a system, to inflict damage. And these social engineering attacks also play a relevant but nonetheless regularly neglected role for automotive software. The contribution of this paper is a novel modeling concept for social engineering attacks and their criticality assessment integrated into a general automotive software security modeling approach. This makes it possible to relate social engineering exploits with feature-related attacks. To elevate the practical usage, we implemented an integration of this concept into the established, domain-specific modeling tool MetaEdit+. The tool support enables collaboration between stakeholders, calculates vulnerability scores, and enables the specification of security objectives and measures to eliminate vulnerabilities.}, author = {Bergler, M and Tolvanen, JP and Zoppelt, M and Tavakoli Kolagari, R}, booktitle = {The 31st European Safety and Reliability Conference, Angers, France}, editor = {Castanier, B and Cepin, M and Bigaud, D and Berenguer, C}, keywords = {MZop}, month = {9/2021}, title = {Social Engineering Exploits in Automotive Software Security: Modeling Human-targeted Attacks with SAM}, year = 2021 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 bergler2021social %A Bergler, M %A Tolvanen, JP %A Zoppelt, M %A Tavakoli Kolagari, R %B The 31st European Safety and Reliability Conference, Angers, France %D 2021 %E Castanier, B %E Cepin, M %E Bigaud, D %E Berenguer, C %R 10.3850/978-981-18-2016-8_720-cd %T Social Engineering Exploits in Automotive Software Security: Modeling Human-targeted Attacks with SAM %X Security cannot be implemented into a system retrospectively without considerable effort, so security must be taken into consideration already at the beginning of the system development. The engineering of automotive software is by no means an exception to this rule. For addressing automotive security, the AUTOSAR and EAST-ADL standards for domain-specific system and component modeling provide the central foundation as a start. The EAST�ADL extension SAM enables fully integrated security modeling for traditional feature-targeted attacks. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of cyber-attacks has increased tremendously and of these, about 98 percent are based on social engineering attacks. These social engineering attacks exploit vulnerabilities in human behaviors, rather than vulnerabilities in a system, to inflict damage. And these social engineering attacks also play a relevant but nonetheless regularly neglected role for automotive software. The contribution of this paper is a novel modeling concept for social engineering attacks and their criticality assessment integrated into a general automotive software security modeling approach. This makes it possible to relate social engineering exploits with feature-related attacks. To elevate the practical usage, we implemented an integration of this concept into the established, domain-specific modeling tool MetaEdit+. The tool support enables collaboration between stakeholders, calculates vulnerability scores, and enables the specification of security objectives and measures to eliminate vulnerabilities. %@ 978-981-18-2016-8
Deep Light Direction Reconstruction from single RGB images. Miller, M; Nischwitz, A; Westermann, R. WSCG 2021: full papers proceedings: 29. International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision, p. 31-40., 2021.
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In augmented reality applications, consistent illumination between virtual and real objects is important for creating an immersive user experience. Consistent illumination can be achieved by appropriate parameterisation of the virtual illumination model, that is consistent with real-world lighting conditions. In this study, we developed a method to reconstruct the general light direction from red-green-blue (RGB) images of real-world scenes using a modified VGG-16 neural network. We reconstructed the general light direction as azimuth and elevation angles. To avoid inaccurate results caused by coordinate uncertainty occurring at steep elevation angles, we further introduced stereographically projected coordinates. Unlike recent deep-learning-based approaches for reconstructing the light source direction, our approach does not require depth information and thus does not rely on special red-green-blue�depth (RGB-D) images as input

@proceedings{miller2021light, abstract = {In augmented reality applications, consistent illumination between virtual and real objects is important for creating an immersive user experience. Consistent illumination can be achieved by appropriate parameterisation of the virtual illumination model, that is consistent with real-world lighting conditions. In this study, we developed a method to reconstruct the general light direction from red-green-blue (RGB) images of real-world scenes using a modified VGG-16 neural network. We reconstructed the general light direction as azimuth and elevation angles. To avoid inaccurate results caused by coordinate uncertainty occurring at steep elevation angles, we further introduced stereographically projected coordinates. Unlike recent deep-learning-based approaches for reconstructing the light source direction, our approach does not require depth information and thus does not rely on special red-green-blue�depth (RGB-D) images as input}, author = {Miller, M and Nischwitz, A and Westermann, R}, keywords = {MMil}, organization = {WSCG 2021: full papers proceedings: 29. International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision, p. 31-40.}, title = {Deep Light Direction Reconstruction from single RGB images}, year = 2021 }

%0 Conference Proceedings %1 miller2021light %A Miller, M %A Nischwitz, A %A Westermann, R %D 2021 %R 10.24132/CSRN.2021.3101.4 %T Deep Light Direction Reconstruction from single RGB images %U https://dspace5.zcu.cz/handle/11025/45007 %X In augmented reality applications, consistent illumination between virtual and real objects is important for creating an immersive user experience. Consistent illumination can be achieved by appropriate parameterisation of the virtual illumination model, that is consistent with real-world lighting conditions. In this study, we developed a method to reconstruct the general light direction from red-green-blue (RGB) images of real-world scenes using a modified VGG-16 neural network. We reconstructed the general light direction as azimuth and elevation angles. To avoid inaccurate results caused by coordinate uncertainty occurring at steep elevation angles, we further introduced stereographically projected coordinates. Unlike recent deep-learning-based approaches for reconstructing the light source direction, our approach does not require depth information and thus does not rely on special red-green-blue�depth (RGB-D) images as input %@ 978-80-86943-34-3
A Real-Time Beat Tracking System Based on Predominant Local Pulse Information. Meier, Peter; Krump, Gerhard; Müller, Meinard. In Demos and Late Breaking News of the InternationalSociety for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR), Vol. 22nd, Conf. Online 2021. 2021.
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Beat tracking is a central topic within the MIR commu�nity and an active area of research [1–3]. The scientific progress in this area is mainly thanks to recent machine learning techniques. However, some machine learning ap�proaches are black boxes, hard to understand, and often without direct control over the parameters to adjust the beat tracker. For this demo, we choose a model-based ap�proach that is easy to understand, good for interactions, and well suited for educational purposes [4]. In particular, we present a system for real-time interactive beat track�ing based on predominant local pulse (PLP) information, as first described in Grosche et al. [5]. In the first section, we show how the PLP-based algorithm can be transformed from an offline procedure to a real-time procedure. In the second section, we present the implementation of a system that uses this real-time procedure as the centerpiece of an interactive beat tracking application.

@inproceedings{meier2021realtime, abstract = {Beat tracking is a central topic within the MIR commu�nity and an active area of research [1–3]. The scientific progress in this area is mainly thanks to recent machine learning techniques. However, some machine learning ap�proaches are black boxes, hard to understand, and often without direct control over the parameters to adjust the beat tracker. For this demo, we choose a model-based ap�proach that is easy to understand, good for interactions, and well suited for educational purposes [4]. In particular, we present a system for real-time interactive beat track�ing based on predominant local pulse (PLP) information, as first described in Grosche et al. [5]. In the first section, we show how the PLP-based algorithm can be transformed from an offline procedure to a real-time procedure. In the second section, we present the implementation of a system that uses this real-time procedure as the centerpiece of an interactive beat tracking application.}, author = {Meier, Peter and Krump, Gerhard and Müller, Meinard}, booktitle = {Demos and Late Breaking News of the InternationalSociety for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR)}, keywords = {pmeir}, title = {A Real-Time Beat Tracking System Based on Predominant Local Pulse Information}, volume = {22nd, Conf. Online 2021}, year = 2021 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 meier2021realtime %A Meier, Peter %A Krump, Gerhard %A Müller, Meinard %B Demos and Late Breaking News of the InternationalSociety for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR) %D 2021 %T A Real-Time Beat Tracking System Based on Predominant Local Pulse Information %U https://archives.ismir.net/ismir2021/latebreaking/000021.pdf %V 22nd, Conf. Online 2021 %X Beat tracking is a central topic within the MIR commu�nity and an active area of research [1–3]. The scientific progress in this area is mainly thanks to recent machine learning techniques. However, some machine learning ap�proaches are black boxes, hard to understand, and often without direct control over the parameters to adjust the beat tracker. For this demo, we choose a model-based ap�proach that is easy to understand, good for interactions, and well suited for educational purposes [4]. In particular, we present a system for real-time interactive beat track�ing based on predominant local pulse (PLP) information, as first described in Grosche et al. [5]. In the first section, we show how the PLP-based algorithm can be transformed from an offline procedure to a real-time procedure. In the second section, we present the implementation of a system that uses this real-time procedure as the centerpiece of an interactive beat tracking application.
Tiny Generative Image Compression for Bandwidth-Constrained Sensor Applications. Koerber, Nikolai; Siebert, Andreas; Hauke, Sascha; Muelle-Gritschneder. In IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications. 2021.
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@article{koerber2021generative, author = {Koerber, Nikolai and Siebert, Andreas and Hauke, Sascha and Muelle-Gritschneder}, journal = {IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications}, keywords = {nkrbr}, title = {Tiny Generative Image Compression for Bandwidth-Constrained Sensor Applications}, year = 2021 }

%0 Journal Article %1 koerber2021generative %A Koerber, Nikolai %A Siebert, Andreas %A Hauke, Sascha %A Muelle-Gritschneder, %D 2021 %J IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications %T Tiny Generative Image Compression for Bandwidth-Constrained Sensor Applications
Automated Threat Evaluation of Automotive Diagnostic Protocols. Weiss, Nils; Renner, Sebastian; Mottok, Jürgen; Vaclav, Matousek. In 8th Embedded Security in Cars Conference (ESCAR USA). 2021.
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Diagnostic protocols in automotive systems can offer a huge attack surface with devastating impacts if vulnerabilities are present. This paper shows the application of active automata learning techniques for reverse engineering system state machines of automotive systems. The developed black-box testing strategy is based on diagnostic protocol communi- cation. Through this approach, it is possible to automatically investigate a highly increased attack surface. Based on a new metric, introduced in this paper, we are able to rate the pos- sible attack surface of an entire vehicle or a single Electronic Control Unit (ECU). A novel attack surface metric allows comparisons of different ECUs from different Original Equip- ment Manufacturers (OEMs), even between different diagnostic protocols. Additionally, we demonstrate the analysis capabilities of our graph-based model to evaluate an ECUs possible attack surface over a lifetime

@inproceedings{weiss2021automated, abstract = {Diagnostic protocols in automotive systems can offer a huge attack surface with devastating impacts if vulnerabilities are present. This paper shows the application of active automata learning techniques for reverse engineering system state machines of automotive systems. The developed black-box testing strategy is based on diagnostic protocol communi- cation. Through this approach, it is possible to automatically investigate a highly increased attack surface. Based on a new metric, introduced in this paper, we are able to rate the pos- sible attack surface of an entire vehicle or a single Electronic Control Unit (ECU). A novel attack surface metric allows comparisons of different ECUs from different Original Equip- ment Manufacturers (OEMs), even between different diagnostic protocols. Additionally, we demonstrate the analysis capabilities of our graph-based model to evaluate an ECUs possible attack surface over a lifetime}, author = {Weiss, Nils and Renner, Sebastian and Mottok, Jürgen and Vaclav, Matousek}, booktitle = {8th Embedded Security in Cars Conference (ESCAR USA)}, keywords = {srenn}, title = {Automated Threat Evaluation of Automotive Diagnostic Protocols}, year = 2021 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 weiss2021automated %A Weiss, Nils %A Renner, Sebastian %A Mottok, Jürgen %A Vaclav, Matousek %B 8th Embedded Security in Cars Conference (ESCAR USA) %D 2021 %T Automated Threat Evaluation of Automotive Diagnostic Protocols %X Diagnostic protocols in automotive systems can offer a huge attack surface with devastating impacts if vulnerabilities are present. This paper shows the application of active automata learning techniques for reverse engineering system state machines of automotive systems. The developed black-box testing strategy is based on diagnostic protocol communi- cation. Through this approach, it is possible to automatically investigate a highly increased attack surface. Based on a new metric, introduced in this paper, we are able to rate the pos- sible attack surface of an entire vehicle or a single Electronic Control Unit (ECU). A novel attack surface metric allows comparisons of different ECUs from different Original Equip- ment Manufacturers (OEMs), even between different diagnostic protocols. Additionally, we demonstrate the analysis capabilities of our graph-based model to evaluate an ECUs possible attack surface over a lifetime
Immersive Storytelling for Information Security Awareness Training in Virtual Reality. Ulsamer, Philipp; Schütz, Andreas; Fertig, Tobias; Keller, Lisa. In Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2021.
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Due to the central role of the human factor in information security, the need for information security awareness (ISA) is constantly increasing. In order to maintain a high level of ISA, trainings have to be carried out frequently to ensure sustainability. Since education via virtual reality (VR) has led to a sustainable learning effect in other ﬁelds, we evaluated the use of VR for ISA trainings. Moreover, we combined our VR training with immersive storytelling. For the evaluation we used two sets of participants. The ﬁrst used a traditional e-Learning method to answer the questionnaire. The second used our VR training. After one week we repeated the questionnaires. The results showed that the VR group could achieve higher scores than the noVR group. Moreover, the VR group achieved even higher scores after one week which might be due to the sustained learning effect from the VR training.

@inproceedings{Ulsamer_2021, abstract = {Due to the central role of the human factor in information security, the need for information security awareness (ISA) is constantly increasing. In order to maintain a high level of ISA, trainings have to be carried out frequently to ensure sustainability. Since education via virtual reality (VR) has led to a sustainable learning effect in other ﬁelds, we evaluated the use of VR for ISA trainings. Moreover, we combined our VR training with immersive storytelling. For the evaluation we used two sets of participants. The ﬁrst used a traditional e-Learning method to answer the questionnaire. The second used our VR training. After one week we repeated the questionnaires. The results showed that the VR group could achieve higher scores than the noVR group. Moreover, the VR group achieved even higher scores after one week which might be due to the sustained learning effect from the VR training.}, author = {Ulsamer, Philipp and Schütz, Andreas and Fertig, Tobias and Keller, Lisa}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}, keywords = {aschü}, publisher = {Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}, title = {Immersive Storytelling for Information Security Awareness Training in Virtual Reality}, year = 2021 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 Ulsamer_2021 %A Ulsamer, Philipp %A Schütz, Andreas %A Fertig, Tobias %A Keller, Lisa %B Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences %D 2021 %I Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences %R 10.24251/hicss.2021.861 %T Immersive Storytelling for Information Security Awareness Training in Virtual Reality %U https://doi.org/10.24251%2Fhicss.2021.861 %X Due to the central role of the human factor in information security, the need for information security awareness (ISA) is constantly increasing. In order to maintain a high level of ISA, trainings have to be carried out frequently to ensure sustainability. Since education via virtual reality (VR) has led to a sustainable learning effect in other ﬁelds, we evaluated the use of VR for ISA trainings. Moreover, we combined our VR training with immersive storytelling. For the evaluation we used two sets of participants. The ﬁrst used a traditional e-Learning method to answer the questionnaire. The second used our VR training. After one week we repeated the questionnaires. The results showed that the VR group could achieve higher scores than the noVR group. Moreover, the VR group achieved even higher scores after one week which might be due to the sustained learning effect from the VR training.
{Testing AGV Mobility Control Method for MANET Coverage Optimization using Procedural Generation}. Sauer, C.; Lyczkowski, E.; Schmidt, M.; N{ü}chter, A.; Hoßfeld, T. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference MSWiM: Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems. Alicante, Spain, 2021.
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In industrial applications continuous wireless connectivity of mobile clients can rarely by guaranteed. Lack of communication negatively impacts the performance of industrial automation systems, e.g. Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) fleets. Utilizing industrial Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs) and adaptive positioning systems can reduce the number of disconnections in these AGV fleets. Therefore the performance of the mobile systems (e.g. AGV fleet) is improved and factory efficiency increased. In this work procedural simulation is used to examine wireless communication in industrial applications. This methods enables the observation of the interaction of mobility control system, network status and robotic system performance independently from a specific environment or scenario. Novel insights on the effectiveness of ad-hoc communication in industrial applications and the correlation of AGV fleet connectedness and AGV fleet transport performance are presented. Additionally a control method is proposed, which improves the network coverage of an industrial MANET and efficiency of AGV fleets.

@inproceedings{MSWiM_2021, abstract = {In industrial applications continuous wireless connectivity of mobile clients can rarely by guaranteed. Lack of communication negatively impacts the performance of industrial automation systems, e.g. Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) fleets. Utilizing industrial Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs) and adaptive positioning systems can reduce the number of disconnections in these AGV fleets. Therefore the performance of the mobile systems (e.g. AGV fleet) is improved and factory efficiency increased. In this work procedural simulation is used to examine wireless communication in industrial applications. This methods enables the observation of the interaction of mobility control system, network status and robotic system performance independently from a specific environment or scenario. Novel insights on the effectiveness of ad-hoc communication in industrial applications and the correlation of AGV fleet connectedness and AGV fleet transport performance are presented. Additionally a control method is proposed, which improves the network coverage of an industrial MANET and efficiency of AGV fleets.}, address = {Alicante, Spain}, author = {Sauer, C. and Lyczkowski, E. and Schmidt, M. and N{\"u}chter, A. and Ho{\ss}feld, T.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM Conference MSWiM: Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems}, keywords = {csaur}, title = {{Testing AGV Mobility Control Method for MANET Coverage Optimization using Procedural Generation}}, year = 2021 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 MSWiM_2021 %A Sauer, C. %A Lyczkowski, E. %A Schmidt, M. %A N{ü}chter, A. %A Hoßfeld, T. %B Proceedings of the ACM Conference MSWiM: Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems %C Alicante, Spain %D 2021 %R 10.1145/3479239.3485724 %T {Testing AGV Mobility Control Method for MANET Coverage Optimization using Procedural Generation} %U https://robotik.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/telematics/download/mswim2021.pdf %X In industrial applications continuous wireless connectivity of mobile clients can rarely by guaranteed. Lack of communication negatively impacts the performance of industrial automation systems, e.g. Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) fleets. Utilizing industrial Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs) and adaptive positioning systems can reduce the number of disconnections in these AGV fleets. Therefore the performance of the mobile systems (e.g. AGV fleet) is improved and factory efficiency increased. In this work procedural simulation is used to examine wireless communication in industrial applications. This methods enables the observation of the interaction of mobility control system, network status and robotic system performance independently from a specific environment or scenario. Novel insights on the effectiveness of ad-hoc communication in industrial applications and the correlation of AGV fleet connectedness and AGV fleet transport performance are presented. Additionally a control method is proposed, which improves the network coverage of an industrial MANET and efficiency of AGV fleets.
HyValue – Ein adaptives Referenzmodell für den hybriden Produktentstehungsprozess in der Automobilindustrie. Schmidtner, M; Timinger, H. In Kompetenzen für die digitale Transformation 2020 Digitalisierung der Arbeit - Kompetenzen - Nachhaltigkeit 1. Digitalkompetenz-Tagung, Vol. 1, E. D. {Lehmann L. (ed.), pp. 37–48. Springer Vieweg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2021.
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Die Automobilhersteller (OEM) verlagern immer mehr Anteile der Wertschöpfung an Zulieferer. Die unternehmensübergreifende Zusammenarbeit stellt jedoch besondere Herausforderungen an die Aufbau- und Ablauforganisation der beteiligten Unternehmen. Ausgangspunkt ist meist der Produktentstehungsprozess (PEP) des Automobilherstellers. Dieser wird von Zulieferern allerdings häufig als starr, unflexibel und bürokratisch wahrgenommen. Insbesondere für kleine, innovativ und agil arbeitende Zulieferer stellt eine über den traditionellen PEP organisierte Entwicklung eine Hürde dar. Das Ziel des vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung geförderten Projekts „HyValue – Hybridisierung in der Value Chain“ ist die Erarbeitung eines Konzepts für kollaborative Dienstleistungsarbeit und darauf aufbauend die Entwicklung eines neuen Geschäftsmodells „hybrider Kollaborationsexperte“. Als Teilprojekt wird vom Institute for Data and Process Science (ehemals Institut für Projektmanagement und Informationsmodellierung) der Hochschule Landshut ein digitales und adaptives Referenzmodell für den Produktentstehungsprozess in der Automobilindustrie entwickelt. Durch die adaptive Anpassung ist es möglich, die unternehmensindividuellen Arbeitsweisen und deren Kontextfaktoren, wie z. B. die Qualifikation von Mitarbeitenden oder die Teamgröße, im Prozess zu berücksichtigen. Auf diese Weise kann auf Basis des umfassenden Referenzmodells ein unternehmensindividuelles Prozessmodell abgeleitet werden, das es den beteiligten Unternehmen erlaubt, ihre individuell optimierten planbasierten, agilen oder hybriden Methoden der Produktentstehung zu verwenden und gleichzeitig qualitäts-, termin- und kostenorientiert über Unternehmensgrenzen hinweg zusammenzuarbeiten.

@conference{schmidtner2021hyvalue, abstract = {Die Automobilhersteller (OEM) verlagern immer mehr Anteile der Wertschöpfung an Zulieferer. Die unternehmensübergreifende Zusammenarbeit stellt jedoch besondere Herausforderungen an die Aufbau- und Ablauforganisation der beteiligten Unternehmen. Ausgangspunkt ist meist der Produktentstehungsprozess (PEP) des Automobilherstellers. Dieser wird von Zulieferern allerdings häufig als starr, unflexibel und bürokratisch wahrgenommen. Insbesondere für kleine, innovativ und agil arbeitende Zulieferer stellt eine über den traditionellen PEP organisierte Entwicklung eine Hürde dar. Das Ziel des vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung geförderten Projekts „HyValue – Hybridisierung in der Value Chain“ ist die Erarbeitung eines Konzepts für kollaborative Dienstleistungsarbeit und darauf aufbauend die Entwicklung eines neuen Geschäftsmodells „hybrider Kollaborationsexperte“. Als Teilprojekt wird vom Institute for Data and Process Science (ehemals Institut für Projektmanagement und Informationsmodellierung) der Hochschule Landshut ein digitales und adaptives Referenzmodell für den Produktentstehungsprozess in der Automobilindustrie entwickelt. Durch die adaptive Anpassung ist es möglich, die unternehmensindividuellen Arbeitsweisen und deren Kontextfaktoren, wie z. B. die Qualifikation von Mitarbeitenden oder die Teamgröße, im Prozess zu berücksichtigen. Auf diese Weise kann auf Basis des umfassenden Referenzmodells ein unternehmensindividuelles Prozessmodell abgeleitet werden, das es den beteiligten Unternehmen erlaubt, ihre individuell optimierten planbasierten, agilen oder hybriden Methoden der Produktentstehung zu verwenden und gleichzeitig qualitäts-, termin- und kostenorientiert über Unternehmensgrenzen hinweg zusammenzuarbeiten.}, author = {Schmidtner, M and Timinger, H}, editor = {{Lehmann L., Engelhardt D.}, Wilke W.}, journal = {Kompetenzen für die digitale Transformation 2020 Digitalisierung der Arbeit - Kompetenzen - Nachhaltigkeit 1. Digitalkompetenz-Tagung}, keywords = {mschdtn}, pages = {37-48}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg, Berlin, Heidelberg}, title = {HyValue – Ein adaptives Referenzmodell für den hybriden Produktentstehungsprozess in der Automobilindustrie}, volume = 1, year = 2021 }

%0 Generic %1 schmidtner2021hyvalue %A Schmidtner, M %A Timinger, H %D 2021 %E {Lehmann L., Engelhardt D.} %I Springer Vieweg, Berlin, Heidelberg %J Kompetenzen für die digitale Transformation 2020 Digitalisierung der Arbeit - Kompetenzen - Nachhaltigkeit 1. Digitalkompetenz-Tagung %P 37-48 %T HyValue – Ein adaptives Referenzmodell für den hybriden Produktentstehungsprozess in der Automobilindustrie %V 1 %X Die Automobilhersteller (OEM) verlagern immer mehr Anteile der Wertschöpfung an Zulieferer. Die unternehmensübergreifende Zusammenarbeit stellt jedoch besondere Herausforderungen an die Aufbau- und Ablauforganisation der beteiligten Unternehmen. Ausgangspunkt ist meist der Produktentstehungsprozess (PEP) des Automobilherstellers. Dieser wird von Zulieferern allerdings häufig als starr, unflexibel und bürokratisch wahrgenommen. Insbesondere für kleine, innovativ und agil arbeitende Zulieferer stellt eine über den traditionellen PEP organisierte Entwicklung eine Hürde dar. Das Ziel des vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung geförderten Projekts „HyValue – Hybridisierung in der Value Chain“ ist die Erarbeitung eines Konzepts für kollaborative Dienstleistungsarbeit und darauf aufbauend die Entwicklung eines neuen Geschäftsmodells „hybrider Kollaborationsexperte“. Als Teilprojekt wird vom Institute for Data and Process Science (ehemals Institut für Projektmanagement und Informationsmodellierung) der Hochschule Landshut ein digitales und adaptives Referenzmodell für den Produktentstehungsprozess in der Automobilindustrie entwickelt. Durch die adaptive Anpassung ist es möglich, die unternehmensindividuellen Arbeitsweisen und deren Kontextfaktoren, wie z. B. die Qualifikation von Mitarbeitenden oder die Teamgröße, im Prozess zu berücksichtigen. Auf diese Weise kann auf Basis des umfassenden Referenzmodells ein unternehmensindividuelles Prozessmodell abgeleitet werden, das es den beteiligten Unternehmen erlaubt, ihre individuell optimierten planbasierten, agilen oder hybriden Methoden der Produktentstehung zu verwenden und gleichzeitig qualitäts-, termin- und kostenorientiert über Unternehmensgrenzen hinweg zusammenzuarbeiten. %@ 978-3-662-62866-9
Accuracy investigation on image-based change detection for BIM compliant indoor models. Meyer, T; Brunn, A; Stilla, U. In International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, V-4-2021, pp. 105–112. 2021.
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Abstract. Construction progress documentation is currently of great interest for the AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) branch and BIM (Building Information Modeling). Subject of this work is the geometric accuracy assessment of image-based change detection in indoor environments based on a BIM. Line features usually serve well as geodetic references in indoor scenes in order to solve for camera orientation. However, building edges are never perfectly built as planned and often geometrically generalized for BIM compliant representation. As a result, in this approach, line correspondences for image-to-model co-registration are considered as statistically uncertain entities as this is essential for dealing with metric confidences in the field of civil engineering and BIM. We present an estimation model for camera pose refinement which is based on the incidence condition between model edges and corresponding image lines. Geometric accuracies are assigned to the model edges according to the Level of Accuracy (LOA) specification for BIM. The approach is demonstrated in a series of tests using a synthetic image of an indoor BIM. The effects of varying edge detection accuracies on the estimation are investigated as well as the effects of using model edges with different geometric quality by adding Gaussian noise to the synthetic observations, each within 100 simulation runs. The results show that the camera orientation can be improved with the presented estimation model as long as the BIM compliant references meet the conditions of LOA 30 or higher (σ < 7.5 mm).

@article{noauthororeditor, abstract = {Abstract. Construction progress documentation is currently of great interest for the AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) branch and BIM (Building Information Modeling). Subject of this work is the geometric accuracy assessment of image-based change detection in indoor environments based on a BIM. Line features usually serve well as geodetic references in indoor scenes in order to solve for camera orientation. However, building edges are never perfectly built as planned and often geometrically generalized for BIM compliant representation. As a result, in this approach, line correspondences for image-to-model co-registration are considered as statistically uncertain entities as this is essential for dealing with metric confidences in the field of civil engineering and BIM. We present an estimation model for camera pose refinement which is based on the incidence condition between model edges and corresponding image lines. Geometric accuracies are assigned to the model edges according to the Level of Accuracy (LOA) specification for BIM. The approach is demonstrated in a series of tests using a synthetic image of an indoor BIM. The effects of varying edge detection accuracies on the estimation are investigated as well as the effects of using model edges with different geometric quality by adding Gaussian noise to the synthetic observations, each within 100 simulation runs. The results show that the camera orientation can be improved with the presented estimation model as long as the BIM compliant references meet the conditions of LOA 30 or higher (σ < 7.5 mm).}, author = {Meyer, T and Brunn, A and Stilla, U}, journal = {International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing}, keywords = {ThMey}, pages = {105-112}, title = {Accuracy investigation on image-based change detection for BIM compliant indoor models}, volume = {V-4-2021}, year = 2021 }

%0 Journal Article %1 noauthororeditor %A Meyer, T %A Brunn, A %A Stilla, U %D 2021 %J International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing %P 105-112 %T Accuracy investigation on image-based change detection for BIM compliant indoor models %U https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-4-2021-105-2021 %V V-4-2021 %X Abstract. Construction progress documentation is currently of great interest for the AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) branch and BIM (Building Information Modeling). Subject of this work is the geometric accuracy assessment of image-based change detection in indoor environments based on a BIM. Line features usually serve well as geodetic references in indoor scenes in order to solve for camera orientation. However, building edges are never perfectly built as planned and often geometrically generalized for BIM compliant representation. As a result, in this approach, line correspondences for image-to-model co-registration are considered as statistically uncertain entities as this is essential for dealing with metric confidences in the field of civil engineering and BIM. We present an estimation model for camera pose refinement which is based on the incidence condition between model edges and corresponding image lines. Geometric accuracies are assigned to the model edges according to the Level of Accuracy (LOA) specification for BIM. The approach is demonstrated in a series of tests using a synthetic image of an indoor BIM. The effects of varying edge detection accuracies on the estimation are investigated as well as the effects of using model edges with different geometric quality by adding Gaussian noise to the synthetic observations, each within 100 simulation runs. The results show that the camera orientation can be improved with the presented estimation model as long as the BIM compliant references meet the conditions of LOA 30 or higher (σ < 7.5 mm).
Agile Working During COVID-19 Pandemic. Schmidtner, Markus; Doering, Claudia; Timinger, Holger. In IEEE Engineering Management Review, 49(2), pp. 18–32. 2021.
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- [ DOI ]
Values and principles of agile working emphasize the benefits of personal communication and open team spaces with members sitting in close proximity. This facilitates customer-oriented results and reduces the risk for failures based on misunderstandings. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, most companies reduced office times and encouraged their employees to work from home in order to protect people from infection. Direct face-to-face communication was replaced by online meetings using video conferencing, chats, and cloud-based collaboration. This significantly changed the way of working. While online-based tools for remote collaboration were familiar to many employees before, others were reluctant to use them in the past. The sudden need to utilize these tools in order to be able to participate in business at all opened such tools for people who would not have used them under normal conditions. In this article, the results of a recent study are presented, in which the impact of the pandemic on agile working is examined. Based on these results, a scenario of the future of agile working in a post COVID-19 world is derived. The study was conducted as an online survey in Germany. More than 170 people working in different job positions and from different branches and companies participated. The study reveals that the pandemic significantly changed the way of working. However, people value digital tools and were able to find methods of effective and efficient collaboration in distant work environments.

@article{9392229, abstract = {Values and principles of agile working emphasize the benefits of personal communication and open team spaces with members sitting in close proximity. This facilitates customer-oriented results and reduces the risk for failures based on misunderstandings. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, most companies reduced office times and encouraged their employees to work from home in order to protect people from infection. Direct face-to-face communication was replaced by online meetings using video conferencing, chats, and cloud-based collaboration. This significantly changed the way of working. While online-based tools for remote collaboration were familiar to many employees before, others were reluctant to use them in the past. The sudden need to utilize these tools in order to be able to participate in business at all opened such tools for people who would not have used them under normal conditions. In this article, the results of a recent study are presented, in which the impact of the pandemic on agile working is examined. Based on these results, a scenario of the future of agile working in a post COVID-19 world is derived. The study was conducted as an online survey in Germany. More than 170 people working in different job positions and from different branches and companies participated. The study reveals that the pandemic significantly changed the way of working. However, people value digital tools and were able to find methods of effective and efficient collaboration in distant work environments.}, author = {Schmidtner, Markus and Doering, Claudia and Timinger, Holger}, journal = {IEEE Engineering Management Review}, keywords = {mschdtn}, month = {Secondquarter}, number = 2, pages = {18-32}, title = {Agile Working During COVID-19 Pandemic}, volume = 49, year = 2021 }

%0 Journal Article %1 9392229 %A Schmidtner, Markus %A Doering, Claudia %A Timinger, Holger %D 2021 %J IEEE Engineering Management Review %N 2 %P 18-32 %R 10.1109/EMR.2021.3069940 %T Agile Working During COVID-19 Pandemic %U https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9392229/ %V 49 %X Values and principles of agile working emphasize the benefits of personal communication and open team spaces with members sitting in close proximity. This facilitates customer-oriented results and reduces the risk for failures based on misunderstandings. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, most companies reduced office times and encouraged their employees to work from home in order to protect people from infection. Direct face-to-face communication was replaced by online meetings using video conferencing, chats, and cloud-based collaboration. This significantly changed the way of working. While online-based tools for remote collaboration were familiar to many employees before, others were reluctant to use them in the past. The sudden need to utilize these tools in order to be able to participate in business at all opened such tools for people who would not have used them under normal conditions. In this article, the results of a recent study are presented, in which the impact of the pandemic on agile working is examined. Based on these results, a scenario of the future of agile working in a post COVID-19 world is derived. The study was conducted as an online survey in Germany. More than 170 people working in different job positions and from different branches and companies participated. The study reveals that the pandemic significantly changed the way of working. However, people value digital tools and were able to find methods of effective and efficient collaboration in distant work environments.

2020[ to top ]

Smart Mobility: Contradictions in Value Co-Creation. Schulz, Thomas; Gewald, Heiko; Böhm, Markus; Krcmar, Helmut. In Information Systems Frontiers, 22(4). 2020.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Technical progress is disrupting the mobility sector. New door-to-door (D2D) mobility integrators promise to offer smart mobility by packaging together different mobility services such as car-sharing and public transport. However, mobility providers up to now have rarely entered into value co-creation relationships. As a result, citizens are offered mobility that cannot be considered truly smart. Although value co-creation has been the subject of numerous studies taking the service-dominant logic perspective, this research has often lacked empirical evidence. To close this gap, we conceptualize value co-creation between mobility providers and a D2D mobility integrator by applying Activity Theory. Based on a qualitative study in the German mobility sector, we identify several inhibitors of value co-creation from the viewpoint of mobility providers. In addition, we show how these inhibitors serve as triggers for adaptations, ultimately leading to the formation of a value co-creation relationship.

@article{noauthororeditor, abstract = {Technical progress is disrupting the mobility sector. New door-to-door (D2D) mobility integrators promise to offer smart mobility by packaging together different mobility services such as car-sharing and public transport. However, mobility providers up to now have rarely entered into value co-creation relationships. As a result, citizens are offered mobility that cannot be considered truly smart. Although value co-creation has been the subject of numerous studies taking the service-dominant logic perspective, this research has often lacked empirical evidence. To close this gap, we conceptualize value co-creation between mobility providers and a D2D mobility integrator by applying Activity Theory. Based on a qualitative study in the German mobility sector, we identify several inhibitors of value co-creation from the viewpoint of mobility providers. In addition, we show how these inhibitors serve as triggers for adaptations, ultimately leading to the formation of a value co-creation relationship.}, author = {Schulz, Thomas and Gewald, Heiko and Böhm, Markus and Krcmar, Helmut}, journal = {Information Systems Frontiers}, keywords = {thschu}, number = 4, title = {Smart Mobility: Contradictions in Value Co-Creation}, volume = 22, year = 2020 }

%0 Journal Article %1 noauthororeditor %A Schulz, Thomas %A Gewald, Heiko %A Böhm, Markus %A Krcmar, Helmut %D 2020 %J Information Systems Frontiers %N 4 %T Smart Mobility: Contradictions in Value Co-Creation %U http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10796-020-10055-y %V 22 %X Technical progress is disrupting the mobility sector. New door-to-door (D2D) mobility integrators promise to offer smart mobility by packaging together different mobility services such as car-sharing and public transport. However, mobility providers up to now have rarely entered into value co-creation relationships. As a result, citizens are offered mobility that cannot be considered truly smart. Although value co-creation has been the subject of numerous studies taking the service-dominant logic perspective, this research has often lacked empirical evidence. To close this gap, we conceptualize value co-creation between mobility providers and a D2D mobility integrator by applying Activity Theory. Based on a qualitative study in the German mobility sector, we identify several inhibitors of value co-creation from the viewpoint of mobility providers. In addition, we show how these inhibitors serve as triggers for adaptations, ultimately leading to the formation of a value co-creation relationship.
Towards an adaptive reference model for agile and hybrid frameworks in automotive development. Schmidtner, Markus; Timinger, Holger; Blust, Martina; Döring, Claudia; Hilpoltsteiner, Daniel. In ICE/ITMC, pp. 1–10. IEEE, 2020.
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{conf/ice-itmc/SchmidtnerTBDH20, author = {Schmidtner, Markus and Timinger, Holger and Blust, Martina and Döring, Claudia and Hilpoltsteiner, Daniel}, booktitle = {ICE/ITMC}, crossref = {conf/ice-itmc/2020}, keywords = {mschdtn}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Towards an adaptive reference model for agile and hybrid frameworks in automotive development.}, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 conf/ice-itmc/SchmidtnerTBDH20 %A Schmidtner, Markus %A Timinger, Holger %A Blust, Martina %A Döring, Claudia %A Hilpoltsteiner, Daniel %B ICE/ITMC %D 2020 %I IEEE %P 1-10 %T Towards an adaptive reference model for agile and hybrid frameworks in automotive development. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/ice-itmc/ice-itmc2020.html#SchmidtnerTBDH20 %@ 978-1-7281-7037-4
Smart mobility – an analysis of potential customers’ preference structures Electronic Markets. Schulz, Thomas; Böhm, Markus; Gewald, Heiko; Krcmar, Helmut. In Electronic Markets. Springer, 2020.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
- [ DOI ]
Cities around the world face major challenges caused by the extensive use of private cars. To counteract these problems, a new paradigm is necessary which promotes alternative mobility services. ‘Smart mobility’ refers to a new mobility behaviour that makes use of innovative technical solutions, such as the IT-supported combination of different alternative mobility services during a trip from an origin to a destination. Unfortunately, relatively few customers use apps that provide recommendations for smart mobility and there is limited knowledge about the desires, priorities and needs of potential customers. To fill this gap, we use conjoint analysis to explore differences in smart mobility app preferences across groups of people with varying mobility behaviour. Our study also considers the effect of age and place of residence on preference structures. Our results show, for example, that only car drivers do not consider the price of the smart mobility app to be particularly important for their selection decision.

@inproceedings{schulz2020smart, abstract = {Cities around the world face major challenges caused by the extensive use of private cars. To counteract these problems, a new paradigm is necessary which promotes alternative mobility services. ‘Smart mobility’ refers to a new mobility behaviour that makes use of innovative technical solutions, such as the IT-supported combination of different alternative mobility services during a trip from an origin to a destination. Unfortunately, relatively few customers use apps that provide recommendations for smart mobility and there is limited knowledge about the desires, priorities and needs of potential customers. To fill this gap, we use conjoint analysis to explore differences in smart mobility app preferences across groups of people with varying mobility behaviour. Our study also considers the effect of age and place of residence on preference structures. Our results show, for example, that only car drivers do not consider the price of the smart mobility app to be particularly important for their selection decision.}, author = {Schulz, Thomas and Böhm, Markus and Gewald, Heiko and Krcmar, Helmut}, journal = {Electronic Markets}, keywords = {thschu}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {Smart mobility – an analysis of potential customers’ preference structures Electronic Markets}, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 schulz2020smart %A Schulz, Thomas %A Böhm, Markus %A Gewald, Heiko %A Krcmar, Helmut %D 2020 %I Springer %J Electronic Markets %R 10.1007/s12525-020-00446-z %T Smart mobility – an analysis of potential customers’ preference structures Electronic Markets %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-020-00446-z %X Cities around the world face major challenges caused by the extensive use of private cars. To counteract these problems, a new paradigm is necessary which promotes alternative mobility services. ‘Smart mobility’ refers to a new mobility behaviour that makes use of innovative technical solutions, such as the IT-supported combination of different alternative mobility services during a trip from an origin to a destination. Unfortunately, relatively few customers use apps that provide recommendations for smart mobility and there is limited knowledge about the desires, priorities and needs of potential customers. To fill this gap, we use conjoint analysis to explore differences in smart mobility app preferences across groups of people with varying mobility behaviour. Our study also considers the effect of age and place of residence on preference structures. Our results show, for example, that only car drivers do not consider the price of the smart mobility app to be particularly important for their selection decision.
Motor Imagery to Control Mobile Applications - An fNIRS Study. Ulsamer, Philipp; Fertig, Tobias; Pfeffel, Kevin; Müller, Nicholas H. In PACIS, D. Vogel, K. N. Shen, P. S. Ling, C. Hsu, J. Y. L. Thong, M. D. Marco, M. Limayem, S. X. Xu (eds.), p. 56. 2020.
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{conf/pacis/UlsamerFPM20, author = {Ulsamer, Philipp and Fertig, Tobias and Pfeffel, Kevin and Müller, Nicholas H.}, booktitle = {PACIS}, crossref = {conf/pacis/2020}, editor = {Vogel, Doug and Shen, Kathy Ning and Ling, Pan Shan and Hsu, Carol and Thong, James Y. L. and Marco, Marco De and Limayem, Moez and Xu, Sean Xin}, keywords = {tofer}, pages = 56, title = {Motor Imagery to Control Mobile Applications - An fNIRS Study.}, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 conf/pacis/UlsamerFPM20 %A Ulsamer, Philipp %A Fertig, Tobias %A Pfeffel, Kevin %A Müller, Nicholas H. %B PACIS %D 2020 %E Vogel, Doug %E Shen, Kathy Ning %E Ling, Pan Shan %E Hsu, Carol %E Thong, James Y. L. %E Marco, Marco De %E Limayem, Moez %E Xu, Sean Xin %P 56 %T Motor Imagery to Control Mobile Applications - An fNIRS Study. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/pacis/pacis2020.html#UlsamerFPM20
Analysis of Industrial Device Architectures for Real-Time Operations under Denial of Service Attacks. Fischer, Florian; Niedermaier, Matthias; Hanka, Thomas; Knauer, Peter; Merli, Dominik. In CoRR, abs/2007.08885. 2020.
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
@article{journals/corr/abs-2007-08885, author = {Fischer, Florian and Niedermaier, Matthias and Hanka, Thomas and Knauer, Peter and Merli, Dominik}, journal = {CoRR}, keywords = {mnie}, title = {Analysis of Industrial Device Architectures for Real-Time Operations under Denial of Service Attacks.}, volume = {abs/2007.08885}, year = 2020 }

%0 Journal Article %1 journals/corr/abs-2007-08885 %A Fischer, Florian %A Niedermaier, Matthias %A Hanka, Thomas %A Knauer, Peter %A Merli, Dominik %D 2020 %J CoRR %T Analysis of Industrial Device Architectures for Real-Time Operations under Denial of Service Attacks. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/corr/corr2007.html#abs-2007-08885 %V abs/2007.08885
Financial Fraud Detection with Improved Neural Arithmetic Logic Units. Schlör, Daniel; Ring, Markus; Krause, Anna; Hotho, Andreas. Vol. Fifth Workshop on MIning DAta for financial applicationS. 2020.
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{schlr2020financial, author = {Schlör, Daniel and Ring, Markus and Krause, Anna and Hotho, Andreas}, keywords = {mring}, number = 5, title = {Financial Fraud Detection with Improved Neural Arithmetic Logic Units}, volume = {Fifth Workshop on MIning DAta for financial applicationS}, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 schlr2020financial %A Schlör, Daniel %A Ring, Markus %A Krause, Anna %A Hotho, Andreas %D 2020 %N 5 %T Financial Fraud Detection with Improved Neural Arithmetic Logic Units %V Fifth Workshop on MIning DAta for financial applicationS
About the Measuring of Information Security Awareness: A Systematic Literature Review. Fertig, Tobias; Schütz, Andreas. In 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. 2020.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
To make employees aware of their important role for information security, companies typically carry out security awareness campaigns. The success and effectiveness of those campaigns has to be measured to justify the budget for example. Therefore, we did a systematic literature review in order to learn how information security awareness (ISA) is measured in theory and practice. We covered published literature as well as unpublished information. The unpublished information was retrieved by interviewing experts of small and medium-sized enterprises. The results showed that ISA is mostly measured via questionnaires. Round about 40 % of the questionnaires are based on the Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior-Model which is itself scientifically weak. According to studies measuring knowledge is not sufficient and,behavior has to be measured. Our results show that the answers of participants in questionnaires often differ from the truth due to wrong perception or social desirability bias. Therefore, behavior should be measured through behavior tests.

@inproceedings{fertig2020about, abstract = {To make employees aware of their important role for information security, companies typically carry out security awareness campaigns. The success and effectiveness of those campaigns has to be measured to justify the budget for example. Therefore, we did a systematic literature review in order to learn how information security awareness (ISA) is measured in theory and practice. We covered published literature as well as unpublished information. The unpublished information was retrieved by interviewing experts of small and medium-sized enterprises. The results showed that ISA is mostly measured via questionnaires. Round about 40 % of the questionnaires are based on the Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior-Model which is itself scientifically weak. According to studies measuring knowledge is not sufficient and,behavior has to be measured. Our results show that the answers of participants in questionnaires often differ from the truth due to wrong perception or social desirability bias. Therefore, behavior should be measured through behavior tests.}, author = {Fertig, Tobias and Schütz, Andreas}, booktitle = {53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}, keywords = {tfer}, title = {About the Measuring of Information Security Awareness: A Systematic Literature Review}, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 fertig2020about %A Fertig, Tobias %A Schütz, Andreas %B 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences %D 2020 %T About the Measuring of Information Security Awareness: A Systematic Literature Review %U https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/64540 %X To make employees aware of their important role for information security, companies typically carry out security awareness campaigns. The success and effectiveness of those campaigns has to be measured to justify the budget for example. Therefore, we did a systematic literature review in order to learn how information security awareness (ISA) is measured in theory and practice. We covered published literature as well as unpublished information. The unpublished information was retrieved by interviewing experts of small and medium-sized enterprises. The results showed that ISA is mostly measured via questionnaires. Round about 40 % of the questionnaires are based on the Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior-Model which is itself scientifically weak. According to studies measuring knowledge is not sufficient and,behavior has to be measured. Our results show that the answers of participants in questionnaires often differ from the truth due to wrong perception or social desirability bias. Therefore, behavior should be measured through behavior tests. %@ 978-0-9981331-3-3
Physicians and Institutional Work: Unpacking the Black Box of Institutionalization at the Front Lines of Healthcare. Kriegl, Bettina; Woratschek, Herbert; Raab, Andrea. In Proceedings of the European Markting Academy, Vol. 49th. 2020.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
This study responds to recent calls for work to investigate innovation from an institutional view. Although institutional change has already received considerable attention in healthcare service research, not much has been done so far to investigate the phenomenon at the front lines. In order to fill this gap, we use a case study approach with the orthopedic rehabilitation system in Germany as a case to examine how physicians actively participate in the implementation of changes that differ from existing institutions. The analysis builds on interviews with physicians, observations in clinics, and secondary data. We contribute to existing research on institutional work by identifying, mapping out, and classifying the practices in which physicians engage to disrupt existing institutions, and to create and maintain new ones. In addition, we use Scott’s framework of institutional pillars to examine the sets of practices related to regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive institutions.

@inproceedings{noauthororeditor2020physicians, abstract = {This study responds to recent calls for work to investigate innovation from an institutional view. Although institutional change has already received considerable attention in healthcare service research, not much has been done so far to investigate the phenomenon at the front lines. In order to fill this gap, we use a case study approach with the orthopedic rehabilitation system in Germany as a case to examine how physicians actively participate in the implementation of changes that differ from existing institutions. The analysis builds on interviews with physicians, observations in clinics, and secondary data. We contribute to existing research on institutional work by identifying, mapping out, and classifying the practices in which physicians engage to disrupt existing institutions, and to create and maintain new ones. In addition, we use Scott’s framework of institutional pillars to examine the sets of practices related to regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive institutions.}, author = {Kriegl, Bettina and Woratschek, Herbert and Raab, Andrea}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Markting Academy}, keywords = {bkrie}, number = {(63893)}, title = {Physicians and Institutional Work: Unpacking the Black Box of Institutionalization at the Front Lines of Healthcare}, volume = {49th}, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 noauthororeditor2020physicians %A Kriegl, Bettina %A Woratschek, Herbert %A Raab, Andrea %B Proceedings of the European Markting Academy %D 2020 %N (63893) %T Physicians and Institutional Work: Unpacking the Black Box of Institutionalization at the Front Lines of Healthcare %V 49th %X This study responds to recent calls for work to investigate innovation from an institutional view. Although institutional change has already received considerable attention in healthcare service research, not much has been done so far to investigate the phenomenon at the front lines. In order to fill this gap, we use a case study approach with the orthopedic rehabilitation system in Germany as a case to examine how physicians actively participate in the implementation of changes that differ from existing institutions. The analysis builds on interviews with physicians, observations in clinics, and secondary data. We contribute to existing research on institutional work by identifying, mapping out, and classifying the practices in which physicians engage to disrupt existing institutions, and to create and maintain new ones. In addition, we use Scott’s framework of institutional pillars to examine the sets of practices related to regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive institutions.
Scanning trajectory optimisation using a quantitative Tuybased local quality estimation for robot-based X-ray computed tomography. Herl, Gabriel; Hiller, Jochen; Maier, Andreas. In Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, 35(3), pp. 287–303. 2020.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
- [ DOI ]
Robotic CT systems allow complex scanning trajectories. This work presents a workflow to automatically calculate optimised scanning trajectories for robotic CT systems. In particular, as a local quality estimation, this work introduces a quantitative measure to quantify local reconstruction quality based on the Tuy conditions. The proposed method is tested in two summation experiments using an STL model of a motorcycle. In both experiments, a trajectory is calculated using a quantitative Tuy-based local quality estimation and the reconstruction result is then compared to reconstructions using conventional scanning trajectories. The comparison results indicate that the proposed approach automatically finds trajectories that enable 3D reconstructions with high image quality using much less projection data, which allows a significant reduction of scanning time.

@article{herl2020scanning, abstract = {Robotic CT systems allow complex scanning trajectories. This work presents a workflow to automatically calculate optimised scanning trajectories for robotic CT systems. In particular, as a local quality estimation, this work introduces a quantitative measure to quantify local reconstruction quality based on the Tuy conditions. The proposed method is tested in two summation experiments using an STL model of a motorcycle. In both experiments, a trajectory is calculated using a quantitative Tuy-based local quality estimation and the reconstruction result is then compared to reconstructions using conventional scanning trajectories. The comparison results indicate that the proposed approach automatically finds trajectories that enable 3D reconstructions with high image quality using much less projection data, which allows a significant reduction of scanning time.}, author = {Herl, Gabriel and Hiller, Jochen and Maier, Andreas}, journal = {Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation}, keywords = {gher}, number = 3, pages = {287-303}, title = {Scanning trajectory optimisation using a quantitative Tuybased local quality estimation for robot-based X-ray computed tomography}, volume = 35, year = 2020 }

%0 Journal Article %1 herl2020scanning %A Herl, Gabriel %A Hiller, Jochen %A Maier, Andreas %D 2020 %J Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation %N 3 %P 287-303 %R 10.1080/10589759.2020.1774579 %T Scanning trajectory optimisation using a quantitative Tuybased local quality estimation for robot-based X-ray computed tomography %V 35 %X Robotic CT systems allow complex scanning trajectories. This work presents a workflow to automatically calculate optimised scanning trajectories for robotic CT systems. In particular, as a local quality estimation, this work introduces a quantitative measure to quantify local reconstruction quality based on the Tuy conditions. The proposed method is tested in two summation experiments using an STL model of a motorcycle. In both experiments, a trajectory is calculated using a quantitative Tuy-based local quality estimation and the reconstruction result is then compared to reconstructions using conventional scanning trajectories. The comparison results indicate that the proposed approach automatically finds trajectories that enable 3D reconstructions with high image quality using much less projection data, which allows a significant reduction of scanning time.
AI Approaches to Optimize Human-Machine Collaboration in Manufacturing Facilities with IoT-Ready Machinery. Böhm, Stefan-Andreas. In IOT Companion, P. Davidsson, M. Langheinrich, P. Linde, S. Mayer, D. Casado-Mansilla, D. Spikol, F. A. Kraemer, N. L. Russo (eds.), pp. 23:1–23:5. ACM, 2020.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Modern production facilities are becoming increasingly complex, as companies battle to meet the increasingly customer-specific demands with shorter lead times and higher efficiency. For the employees in the factory, who often bear the brunt of making short-term process decisions, this complexity is becoming unmanageable. The PhD project presented in the following aims to decrease the complexity of modern manufactory facilities by means of artificial intelligence. The focus is on product data analysis and manufactory process planning. Different approaches of artificial intelligence for use in a Self-Adapting Smart System (SASS) are to be investigated.

@inproceedings{conf/iot/Bohm20, abstract = {Modern production facilities are becoming increasingly complex, as companies battle to meet the increasingly customer-specific demands with shorter lead times and higher efficiency. For the employees in the factory, who often bear the brunt of making short-term process decisions, this complexity is becoming unmanageable. The PhD project presented in the following aims to decrease the complexity of modern manufactory facilities by means of artificial intelligence. The focus is on product data analysis and manufactory process planning. Different approaches of artificial intelligence for use in a Self-Adapting Smart System (SASS) are to be investigated.}, author = {Böhm, Stefan-Andreas}, booktitle = {IOT Companion}, crossref = {conf/iot/2020c}, editor = {Davidsson, Paul and Langheinrich, Marc and Linde, Per and Mayer, Simon and Casado-Mansilla, Diego and Spikol, Daniel and Kraemer, Frank Alexander and Russo, Nancy L.}, keywords = {stbö}, pages = {23:1-23:5}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {AI Approaches to Optimize Human-Machine Collaboration in Manufacturing Facilities with IoT-Ready Machinery.}, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 conf/iot/Bohm20 %A Böhm, Stefan-Andreas %B IOT Companion %D 2020 %E Davidsson, Paul %E Langheinrich, Marc %E Linde, Per %E Mayer, Simon %E Casado-Mansilla, Diego %E Spikol, Daniel %E Kraemer, Frank Alexander %E Russo, Nancy L. %I ACM %P 23:1-23:5 %T AI Approaches to Optimize Human-Machine Collaboration in Manufacturing Facilities with IoT-Ready Machinery. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/iot/iot2020c.html#Bohm20 %X Modern production facilities are becoming increasingly complex, as companies battle to meet the increasingly customer-specific demands with shorter lead times and higher efficiency. For the employees in the factory, who often bear the brunt of making short-term process decisions, this complexity is becoming unmanageable. The PhD project presented in the following aims to decrease the complexity of modern manufactory facilities by means of artificial intelligence. The focus is on product data analysis and manufactory process planning. Different approaches of artificial intelligence for use in a Self-Adapting Smart System (SASS) are to be investigated. %@ 978-1-4503-8820-7
Threshold Password-Hardened Encryption Services. Brost, Julian; Egger, Christoph; Lai, Russell W. F.; Schmid, Fritz; Schröder, Dominique; Zoppelt, Markus. In ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, J. Ligatti, X. Ou, J. Katz, G. Vigna (eds.), pp. 409–424. ACM, 2020.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
- [ DOI ]
Password-hardened encryption (PHE) was introduced by Lai et al. at USENIX 2018 and immediately productized by VirgilSecurity. PHE is a password-based key derivation protocol that involves an oblivious external crypto service for key derivation. The security of PHE protects against offline brute-force attacks, even when the attacker is given the entire database. Furthermore, the crypto service neither learns the derived key nor the password. PHE supports key-rotation meaning that both the server and crypto service can update their keys without involving the user. While PHE significantly strengthens data security, it introduces a single point of failure because key-derivation always requires access to the crypto service. In this work, we address this issue and simultaneously increase security by introducing threshold password-hardened encryption. Our formalization of this primitive revealed shortcomings of the original PHE definition that we also address in this work. Following the spirit of prior works, we give a simple and efficient construction using lightweight tools only. We also implement our construction and evaluate its efficiency. Our experiments confirm the practical efficiency of our scheme and show that it is more efficient than common memory-hard functions, such as scrypt. From a practical perspective this means that threshold PHE can be used as an alternative to scrypt for password protection and key-derivation, offering better security in terms of offline brute force attacks.

@inproceedings{conf/ccs/Brost0LSSZ20, abstract = {Password-hardened encryption (PHE) was introduced by Lai et al. at USENIX 2018 and immediately productized by VirgilSecurity. PHE is a password-based key derivation protocol that involves an oblivious external crypto service for key derivation. The security of PHE protects against offline brute-force attacks, even when the attacker is given the entire database. Furthermore, the crypto service neither learns the derived key nor the password. PHE supports key-rotation meaning that both the server and crypto service can update their keys without involving the user. While PHE significantly strengthens data security, it introduces a single point of failure because key-derivation always requires access to the crypto service. In this work, we address this issue and simultaneously increase security by introducing threshold password-hardened encryption. Our formalization of this primitive revealed shortcomings of the original PHE definition that we also address in this work. Following the spirit of prior works, we give a simple and efficient construction using lightweight tools only. We also implement our construction and evaluate its efficiency. Our experiments confirm the practical efficiency of our scheme and show that it is more efficient than common memory-hard functions, such as scrypt. From a practical perspective this means that threshold PHE can be used as an alternative to scrypt for password protection and key-derivation, offering better security in terms of offline brute force attacks.}, author = {Brost, Julian and Egger, Christoph and Lai, Russell W. F. and Schmid, Fritz and Schröder, Dominique and Zoppelt, Markus}, booktitle = {ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security}, crossref = {conf/ccs/2020}, editor = {Ligatti, Jay and Ou, Xinming and Katz, Jonathan and Vigna, Giovanni}, keywords = {mzop}, pages = {409-424}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {Threshold Password-Hardened Encryption Services.}, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 conf/ccs/Brost0LSSZ20 %A Brost, Julian %A Egger, Christoph %A Lai, Russell W. F. %A Schmid, Fritz %A Schröder, Dominique %A Zoppelt, Markus %B ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security %D 2020 %E Ligatti, Jay %E Ou, Xinming %E Katz, Jonathan %E Vigna, Giovanni %I ACM %P 409-424 %R 10.1145/3372297.3417266 %T Threshold Password-Hardened Encryption Services. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/ccs/ccs2020.html#Brost0LSSZ20 %X Password-hardened encryption (PHE) was introduced by Lai et al. at USENIX 2018 and immediately productized by VirgilSecurity. PHE is a password-based key derivation protocol that involves an oblivious external crypto service for key derivation. The security of PHE protects against offline brute-force attacks, even when the attacker is given the entire database. Furthermore, the crypto service neither learns the derived key nor the password. PHE supports key-rotation meaning that both the server and crypto service can update their keys without involving the user. While PHE significantly strengthens data security, it introduces a single point of failure because key-derivation always requires access to the crypto service. In this work, we address this issue and simultaneously increase security by introducing threshold password-hardened encryption. Our formalization of this primitive revealed shortcomings of the original PHE definition that we also address in this work. Following the spirit of prior works, we give a simple and efficient construction using lightweight tools only. We also implement our construction and evaluate its efficiency. Our experiments confirm the practical efficiency of our scheme and show that it is more efficient than common memory-hard functions, such as scrypt. From a practical perspective this means that threshold PHE can be used as an alternative to scrypt for password protection and key-derivation, offering better security in terms of offline brute force attacks. %@ 978-1-4503-7089-9
Evaluation of Post-hoc XAI Approaches Through Synthetic Tabular Data. Tritscher, Julian; Ring, Markus; Schlör, Daniel; Hettinger, Lena; Hotho, Andreas. In ISMIS, Vol. 12117 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, D. Helic, G. Leitner, M. Stettinger, A. Felfernig, Z. W. Ras (eds.), pp. 422–430. Springer, 2020.
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@inproceedings{conf/ismis/TritscherRSHH20, author = {Tritscher, Julian and Ring, Markus and Schlör, Daniel and Hettinger, Lena and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {ISMIS}, crossref = {conf/ismis/2020}, editor = {Helic, Denis and Leitner, Gerhard and Stettinger, Martin and Felfernig, Alexander and Ras, Zbigniew W.}, keywords = {mring}, pages = {422-430}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {Evaluation of Post-hoc XAI Approaches Through Synthetic Tabular Data.}, volume = 12117, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 conf/ismis/TritscherRSHH20 %A Tritscher, Julian %A Ring, Markus %A Schlör, Daniel %A Hettinger, Lena %A Hotho, Andreas %B ISMIS %D 2020 %E Helic, Denis %E Leitner, Gerhard %E Stettinger, Martin %E Felfernig, Alexander %E Ras, Zbigniew W. %I Springer %P 422-430 %T Evaluation of Post-hoc XAI Approaches Through Synthetic Tabular Data. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/ismis/ismis2020.html#TritscherRSHH20 %V 12117 %@ 978-3-030-59491-6
Proactive Smart City Interactions. Müller-Wuttke, Madlen; Schütz, Andreas E.; Franz, Felix; Müller, Nicholas H. In HCI (26), Vol. 12206 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, P. Zaphiris, A. Ioannou (eds.), pp. 615–624. Springer, 2020.
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@inproceedings{conf/hci/Muller-WuttkeSF20, author = {Müller-Wuttke, Madlen and Schütz, Andreas E. and Franz, Felix and Müller, Nicholas H.}, booktitle = {HCI (26)}, crossref = {conf/hci/2020-26}, editor = {Zaphiris, Panayiotis and Ioannou, Andri}, keywords = {aschü}, pages = {615-624}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {Proactive Smart City Interactions.}, volume = 12206, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 conf/hci/Muller-WuttkeSF20 %A Müller-Wuttke, Madlen %A Schütz, Andreas E. %A Franz, Felix %A Müller, Nicholas H. %B HCI (26) %D 2020 %E Zaphiris, Panayiotis %E Ioannou, Andri %I Springer %P 615-624 %T Proactive Smart City Interactions. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/hci/hci2020-26.html#Muller-WuttkeSF20 %V 12206 %@ 978-3-030-50506-6
Current Issues Of Metrics For Information Security Awareness. Fertig, Tobias; Schütz, Andreas Erwin; Weber, Kristin. In ECIS, F. Rowe, R. E. Amrani, M. Limayem, S. Newell, N. Pouloudi, E. van Heck, A. E. Quammah (eds.). 2020.
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@inproceedings{conf/ecis/FertigSW20, author = {Fertig, Tobias and Schütz, Andreas Erwin and Weber, Kristin}, booktitle = {ECIS}, crossref = {conf/ecis/2020}, editor = {Rowe, Frantz and Amrani, Redouane El and Limayem, Moez and Newell, Sue and Pouloudi, Nancy and van Heck, Eric and Quammah, Ali El}, keywords = {tofer}, title = {Current Issues Of Metrics For Information Security Awareness.}, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 conf/ecis/FertigSW20 %A Fertig, Tobias %A Schütz, Andreas Erwin %A Weber, Kristin %B ECIS %D 2020 %E Rowe, Frantz %E Amrani, Redouane El %E Limayem, Moez %E Newell, Sue %E Pouloudi, Nancy %E van Heck, Eric %E Quammah, Ali El %T Current Issues Of Metrics For Information Security Awareness. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/ecis/ecis2020.html#FertigSW20
Agile working during COVID-19 pandemic. Doering, Claudia; Schmidtner, Markus; Maerz, Johanna; Mueller, Vanessa; Timinger, Holger. In Research Notes on Data and Process Science, issue 1. 2020.
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Agile working and its values have been applied by companies for several years. The values and principles of agile working aim primarily at teams that work in close proximity, for example in open-plan offices, where the teams usually work together and communicate in daily personal meetings. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many companies reduced office hours and sent their employees to home offices, in order to reduce the risk of infections. Accordingly, the way of working changes significantly, as despite all the technical advances, working from home is different from working in open-plan offices. Direct face-to-face communication has been replaced by online meetings using video conferencing, chats and cloud-based collaboration. Many employees were used to online-based tools for remote collaboration, but others were reluctant to them in the past. Due to the sudden change in the work environment a need to use these tools in order to participate in business at all arose also for the employees who would not have used them under normal conditions. In this article, we present the results of a recent study, in which the impact of the pandemic on agile working is examined. Based on these results, we derive a scenario of the future of agile working in a post COVID-19 world. The study comprises an online survey in Germany. More than 170 people working in different job positions and from different branches and companies participated. The study reveals that the pandemic has significantly changed the way of working. However, people value the digital tools and find ways for effective and efficient collaboration in distant work environments.

@article{doering2020agile, abstract = {Agile working and its values have been applied by companies for several years. The values and principles of agile working aim primarily at teams that work in close proximity, for example in open-plan offices, where the teams usually work together and communicate in daily personal meetings. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many companies reduced office hours and sent their employees to home offices, in order to reduce the risk of infections. Accordingly, the way of working changes significantly, as despite all the technical advances, working from home is different from working in open-plan offices. Direct face-to-face communication has been replaced by online meetings using video conferencing, chats and cloud-based collaboration. Many employees were used to online-based tools for remote collaboration, but others were reluctant to them in the past. Due to the sudden change in the work environment a need to use these tools in order to participate in business at all arose also for the employees who would not have used them under normal conditions. In this article, we present the results of a recent study, in which the impact of the pandemic on agile working is examined. Based on these results, we derive a scenario of the future of agile working in a post COVID-19 world. The study comprises an online survey in Germany. More than 170 people working in different job positions and from different branches and companies participated. The study reveals that the pandemic has significantly changed the way of working. However, people value the digital tools and find ways for effective and efficient collaboration in distant work environments.}, author = {Doering, Claudia and Schmidtner, Markus and Maerz, Johanna and Mueller, Vanessa and Timinger, Holger}, journal = {Research Notes on Data and Process Science}, keywords = {mschdtn}, title = {Agile working during COVID-19 pandemic}, volume = {issue 1}, year = 2020 }

%0 Journal Article %1 doering2020agile %A Doering, Claudia %A Schmidtner, Markus %A Maerz, Johanna %A Mueller, Vanessa %A Timinger, Holger %D 2020 %J Research Notes on Data and Process Science %T Agile working during COVID-19 pandemic %U https://www.haw-landshut.de/fileadmin/Hochschule_Landshut_NEU/Ungeschuetzt/IDP/Research_Notes_on_Data_and_Process_Science/RNDP_Issue1_Agile_working.pdf %V issue 1 %X Agile working and its values have been applied by companies for several years. The values and principles of agile working aim primarily at teams that work in close proximity, for example in open-plan offices, where the teams usually work together and communicate in daily personal meetings. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many companies reduced office hours and sent their employees to home offices, in order to reduce the risk of infections. Accordingly, the way of working changes significantly, as despite all the technical advances, working from home is different from working in open-plan offices. Direct face-to-face communication has been replaced by online meetings using video conferencing, chats and cloud-based collaboration. Many employees were used to online-based tools for remote collaboration, but others were reluctant to them in the past. Due to the sudden change in the work environment a need to use these tools in order to participate in business at all arose also for the employees who would not have used them under normal conditions. In this article, we present the results of a recent study, in which the impact of the pandemic on agile working is examined. Based on these results, we derive a scenario of the future of agile working in a post COVID-19 world. The study comprises an online survey in Germany. More than 170 people working in different job positions and from different branches and companies participated. The study reveals that the pandemic has significantly changed the way of working. However, people value the digital tools and find ways for effective and efficient collaboration in distant work environments.
Impact of Generative Adversarial Networks on NetFlow-Based Traffic Classification. Wolf, Maximilian; Ring, Markus; Landes, Dieter. In CISIS, Vol. 1267 of Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Álvaro Herrero, C. Cambra, D. Urda, J. Sedano, H. Quintián, E. Corchado (eds.), pp. 393–404. Springer, 2020.
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@inproceedings{conf/cisis-spain/WolfRL20, author = {Wolf, Maximilian and Ring, Markus and Landes, Dieter}, booktitle = {CISIS}, crossref = {conf/cisis-spain/2020}, editor = {Herrero, Álvaro and Cambra, Carlos and Urda, Daniel and Sedano, Javier and Quintián, Héctor and Corchado, Emilio}, keywords = {mring}, pages = {393-404}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing}, title = {Impact of Generative Adversarial Networks on NetFlow-Based Traffic Classification.}, volume = 1267, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 conf/cisis-spain/WolfRL20 %A Wolf, Maximilian %A Ring, Markus %A Landes, Dieter %B CISIS %D 2020 %E Herrero, Álvaro %E Cambra, Carlos %E Urda, Daniel %E Sedano, Javier %E Quintián, Héctor %E Corchado, Emilio %I Springer %P 393-404 %T Impact of Generative Adversarial Networks on NetFlow-Based Traffic Classification. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/cisis-spain/cisis2020.html#WolfRL20 %V 1267 %@ 978-3-030-57805-3
Comparison of Different Spike Train Synchrony Measures Regarding Their Robustness to Erroneous Data From Bicuculline-Induced Epileptiform Activity. Ciba, Manuel; Bestel, Robert; Nick, Christoph; de Arruda, Guilherme Ferraz; Peron, Thomas K. D. M.; Comin, Cesar Henrique; da Fontoura Costa, Luciano; Rodrigues, Francisco Aparecido; Thielemann, Christiane. In Neural Comput., 32(5), pp. 887–911. 2020.
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As synchronized activity is associated with basic brain functions and pathological states, spike train synchrony has become an important measure to analyze experimental neuronal data. Many different measures of spike train synchrony have been proposed, but there is no gold standard allowing for comparison of results between different experiments. This work aims to provide guidance on which synchrony measure is best suitable to quantify the effect of epileptiform inducing substances (e.g. bicuculline (BIC)) in in vitro neuronal spike train data. Spike train data from recordings are likely to suffer from erroneous spike detection, such as missed spikes (false negative) or noise (false positive). Therefore, different time-scale dependent (cross-correlation, mutual information, spike time tiling coefficient) and time-scale independent (Spike-contrast, phase synchronization, A-SPIKE-synchronization, A-ISI-distance, ARI-SPIKE-distance) synchrony measures were compared in terms of their robustness to erroneous spike trains. As a result of the in silico manipulated data, Spike-contrast was the only measure being robust to false negative as well as false-positive spikes. Analyzing the experimental data set revealed that all measures were able to capture the effect of BIC in a statistically significant way, with Spike-contrast showing the highest statistical significance even at low spike detection thresholds. In summary, we suggest the usage of Spike-contrast to complement established synchrony measures, as it is time scale independent and robust to erroneous spike trains.

@article{journals/neco/CibaBNAPCCRT20, abstract = {As synchronized activity is associated with basic brain functions and pathological states, spike train synchrony has become an important measure to analyze experimental neuronal data. Many different measures of spike train synchrony have been proposed, but there is no gold standard allowing for comparison of results between different experiments. This work aims to provide guidance on which synchrony measure is best suitable to quantify the effect of epileptiform inducing substances (e.g. bicuculline (BIC)) in in vitro neuronal spike train data. Spike train data from recordings are likely to suffer from erroneous spike detection, such as missed spikes (false negative) or noise (false positive). Therefore, different time-scale dependent (cross-correlation, mutual information, spike time tiling coefficient) and time-scale independent (Spike-contrast, phase synchronization, A-SPIKE-synchronization, A-ISI-distance, ARI-SPIKE-distance) synchrony measures were compared in terms of their robustness to erroneous spike trains. As a result of the in silico manipulated data, Spike-contrast was the only measure being robust to false negative as well as false-positive spikes. Analyzing the experimental data set revealed that all measures were able to capture the effect of BIC in a statistically significant way, with Spike-contrast showing the highest statistical significance even at low spike detection thresholds. In summary, we suggest the usage of Spike-contrast to complement established synchrony measures, as it is time scale independent and robust to erroneous spike trains.}, author = {Ciba, Manuel and Bestel, Robert and Nick, Christoph and de Arruda, Guilherme Ferraz and Peron, Thomas K. D. M. and Comin, Cesar Henrique and da Fontoura Costa, Luciano and Rodrigues, Francisco Aparecido and Thielemann, Christiane}, journal = {Neural Comput.}, keywords = {mcib}, number = 5, pages = {887-911}, title = {Comparison of Different Spike Train Synchrony Measures Regarding Their Robustness to Erroneous Data From Bicuculline-Induced Epileptiform Activity.}, volume = 32, year = 2020 }

%0 Journal Article %1 journals/neco/CibaBNAPCCRT20 %A Ciba, Manuel %A Bestel, Robert %A Nick, Christoph %A de Arruda, Guilherme Ferraz %A Peron, Thomas K. D. M. %A Comin, Cesar Henrique %A da Fontoura Costa, Luciano %A Rodrigues, Francisco Aparecido %A Thielemann, Christiane %D 2020 %J Neural Comput. %N 5 %P 887-911 %T Comparison of Different Spike Train Synchrony Measures Regarding Their Robustness to Erroneous Data From Bicuculline-Induced Epileptiform Activity. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/neco/neco32.html#CibaBNAPCCRT20 %V 32 %X As synchronized activity is associated with basic brain functions and pathological states, spike train synchrony has become an important measure to analyze experimental neuronal data. Many different measures of spike train synchrony have been proposed, but there is no gold standard allowing for comparison of results between different experiments. This work aims to provide guidance on which synchrony measure is best suitable to quantify the effect of epileptiform inducing substances (e.g. bicuculline (BIC)) in in vitro neuronal spike train data. Spike train data from recordings are likely to suffer from erroneous spike detection, such as missed spikes (false negative) or noise (false positive). Therefore, different time-scale dependent (cross-correlation, mutual information, spike time tiling coefficient) and time-scale independent (Spike-contrast, phase synchronization, A-SPIKE-synchronization, A-ISI-distance, ARI-SPIKE-distance) synchrony measures were compared in terms of their robustness to erroneous spike trains. As a result of the in silico manipulated data, Spike-contrast was the only measure being robust to false negative as well as false-positive spikes. Analyzing the experimental data set revealed that all measures were able to capture the effect of BIC in a statistically significant way, with Spike-contrast showing the highest statistical significance even at low spike detection thresholds. In summary, we suggest the usage of Spike-contrast to complement established synchrony measures, as it is time scale independent and robust to erroneous spike trains.
Using wavelet transform to evaluate single-shot phase measuring deflectometry data. Liang, Hanning; Sauer, Thomas; Faber, Christian. In SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 115101S. SPIE The international society for optics and photonics, 2020.
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Phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) is a well-established method for determining the topography of specular free-form surfaces. A disadvantage of the classical PMD method, however, is the sequential measurement process. For moving objects, the classical PMD evaluation is not suitable. To overcome this problem, single shot methods using single-sideband demodulation have been presented, which allowed for a deflectometric measurement based on one single image. However, this kind of evaluation does not work for complex surfaces that result in captured fringe patterns with a broadband spectrum, since the phase is considered globally in Fourier space. A new single-shot evaluation method for phase determination is presented. Using the advantage of the wavelet transform - the signal is evaluated locally in both spatial and frequency space – it is possible to measure complex reflective surfaces in motion. First results are compared to the classic phase-shift evaluation.

@inproceedings{liang2020using, abstract = {Phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) is a well-established method for determining the topography of specular free-form surfaces. A disadvantage of the classical PMD method, however, is the sequential measurement process. For moving objects, the classical PMD evaluation is not suitable. To overcome this problem, single shot methods using single-sideband demodulation have been presented, which allowed for a deflectometric measurement based on one single image. However, this kind of evaluation does not work for complex surfaces that result in captured fringe patterns with a broadband spectrum, since the phase is considered globally in Fourier space. A new single-shot evaluation method for phase determination is presented. Using the advantage of the wavelet transform - the signal is evaluated locally in both spatial and frequency space – it is possible to measure complex reflective surfaces in motion. First results are compared to the classic phase-shift evaluation.}, author = {Liang, Hanning and Sauer, Thomas and Faber, Christian}, booktitle = {SPIE Proceedings}, keywords = {hlng}, number = {XLIII}, publisher = {SPIE The international society for optics and photonics}, title = {Using wavelet transform to evaluate single-shot phase measuring deflectometry data}, volume = {115101S}, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 liang2020using %A Liang, Hanning %A Sauer, Thomas %A Faber, Christian %B SPIE Proceedings %D 2020 %I SPIE The international society for optics and photonics %N XLIII %R 10.1117/12.2567301 %T Using wavelet transform to evaluate single-shot phase measuring deflectometry data %V 115101S %X Phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) is a well-established method for determining the topography of specular free-form surfaces. A disadvantage of the classical PMD method, however, is the sequential measurement process. For moving objects, the classical PMD evaluation is not suitable. To overcome this problem, single shot methods using single-sideband demodulation have been presented, which allowed for a deflectometric measurement based on one single image. However, this kind of evaluation does not work for complex surfaces that result in captured fringe patterns with a broadband spectrum, since the phase is considered globally in Fourier space. A new single-shot evaluation method for phase determination is presented. Using the advantage of the wavelet transform - the signal is evaluated locally in both spatial and frequency space – it is possible to measure complex reflective surfaces in motion. First results are compared to the classic phase-shift evaluation.
Analyze Before You Sensitize: Preparation of a Targeted ISA Training. Schütz, Andreas; Fertig, Tobias; Weber, Kristin. In 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. 2020.
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This paper describes a procedure to enable the planning of targeted measures to increase the Information Security Awareness (ISA) of employees of an institution. The procedure is practically applied at a German university. With the help of a comprehensive analysis, which is based on findings of social psychology, necessary topics for ISA measures are identified. In addition, reasons are sought for why employees do not conduct information security. The procedure consists of a qualitative phase with interviews and a quantitative phase with a questionnaire. It turned out that the procedure provided many clues to the design of ISA measures. These include organizational and technical measures that can help employees to ensure information-safe behavior. In addition, it was found that there were deviations between the qualitative and quantitative phases and therefore, both phases are necessary. The paper critically discusses the procedure and also addresses the strengths and weaknesses of the analysis.

@inproceedings{schutz2020analyze, abstract = {This paper describes a procedure to enable the planning of targeted measures to increase the Information Security Awareness (ISA) of employees of an institution. The procedure is practically applied at a German university. With the help of a comprehensive analysis, which is based on findings of social psychology, necessary topics for ISA measures are identified. In addition, reasons are sought for why employees do not conduct information security. The procedure consists of a qualitative phase with interviews and a quantitative phase with a questionnaire. It turned out that the procedure provided many clues to the design of ISA measures. These include organizational and technical measures that can help employees to ensure information-safe behavior. In addition, it was found that there were deviations between the qualitative and quantitative phases and therefore, both phases are necessary. The paper critically discusses the procedure and also addresses the strengths and weaknesses of the analysis.}, author = {Schütz, Andreas and Fertig, Tobias and Weber, Kristin}, booktitle = {53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences}, keywords = {aschü}, title = {Analyze Before You Sensitize: Preparation of a Targeted ISA Training}, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 schutz2020analyze %A Schütz, Andreas %A Fertig, Tobias %A Weber, Kristin %B 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences %D 2020 %T Analyze Before You Sensitize: Preparation of a Targeted ISA Training %U https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/64542 %X This paper describes a procedure to enable the planning of targeted measures to increase the Information Security Awareness (ISA) of employees of an institution. The procedure is practically applied at a German university. With the help of a comprehensive analysis, which is based on findings of social psychology, necessary topics for ISA measures are identified. In addition, reasons are sought for why employees do not conduct information security. The procedure consists of a qualitative phase with interviews and a quantitative phase with a questionnaire. It turned out that the procedure provided many clues to the design of ISA measures. These include organizational and technical measures that can help employees to ensure information-safe behavior. In addition, it was found that there were deviations between the qualitative and quantitative phases and therefore, both phases are necessary. The paper critically discusses the procedure and also addresses the strengths and weaknesses of the analysis. %@ 978-0-9981331-3-3
Information Technology Choice in Mobility Service Ecosystems: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis. Schulz, Thomas; Böhm, Markus; Gewald, Heiko. In International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2020 Proceedings, Vol. DIGITIZATION IN CITIES AND THE PUBLIC SECTOR. 2020.
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Cities around the globe face mobility-related challenges such as traffic congestion and air and noise pollution caused by the extensive use of private cars. Smart solutions promise to make urban mobility more intelligent, interconnected, and efficient using information technology (IT). This study analyzes IT choice in the service ecosystems of different German transport and tariff associations. Taking a service-dominant logic perspective, we apply fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) in order to identify the configurations of attributes levels characterizing the actors and institutional arrangements of each service ecosystem that are linked to the choice of state-of-the-art IT. Our results reveal that the availability of a high number of car-sharing actors in the service ecosystem is a necessary condition for choosing state-of-the-art IT. Our study guides decision-makers in responding to mobility challenges caused by the predominant usage of the private car and thus contributes to the overarching goal of achieving livable cities.

@inproceedings{schulz2020information, abstract = {Cities around the globe face mobility-related challenges such as traffic congestion and air and noise pollution caused by the extensive use of private cars. Smart solutions promise to make urban mobility more intelligent, interconnected, and efficient using information technology (IT). This study analyzes IT choice in the service ecosystems of different German transport and tariff associations. Taking a service-dominant logic perspective, we apply fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) in order to identify the configurations of attributes levels characterizing the actors and institutional arrangements of each service ecosystem that are linked to the choice of state-of-the-art IT. Our results reveal that the availability of a high number of car-sharing actors in the service ecosystem is a necessary condition for choosing state-of-the-art IT. Our study guides decision-makers in responding to mobility challenges caused by the predominant usage of the private car and thus contributes to the overarching goal of achieving livable cities.}, author = {Schulz, Thomas and Böhm, Markus and Gewald, Heiko}, booktitle = {International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2020 Proceedings}, keywords = {thschu}, number = 1650, title = {Information Technology Choice in Mobility Service Ecosystems: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis}, volume = {DIGITIZATION IN CITIES AND THE PUBLIC SECTOR}, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 schulz2020information %A Schulz, Thomas %A Böhm, Markus %A Gewald, Heiko %B International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2020 Proceedings %D 2020 %N 1650 %T Information Technology Choice in Mobility Service Ecosystems: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis %V DIGITIZATION IN CITIES AND THE PUBLIC SECTOR %X Cities around the globe face mobility-related challenges such as traffic congestion and air and noise pollution caused by the extensive use of private cars. Smart solutions promise to make urban mobility more intelligent, interconnected, and efficient using information technology (IT). This study analyzes IT choice in the service ecosystems of different German transport and tariff associations. Taking a service-dominant logic perspective, we apply fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) in order to identify the configurations of attributes levels characterizing the actors and institutional arrangements of each service ecosystem that are linked to the choice of state-of-the-art IT. Our results reveal that the availability of a high number of car-sharing actors in the service ecosystem is a necessary condition for choosing state-of-the-art IT. Our study guides decision-makers in responding to mobility challenges caused by the predominant usage of the private car and thus contributes to the overarching goal of achieving livable cities.
Comparison of System Call Representations for Intrusion Detection. Wunderlich, Sarah; Ring, Markus; Landes, Dieter; Hotho, Andreas. In Logic Journal of the IGPL, jzaa058. 2020.
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- [ EndNote ]
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Over the years, artificial neural networks have been appliedsuccessfully in many areas including IT security. Yet, neural networkscan only process continuous input data. This is particularly challengingfor security-related non-continuous data like system calls. This work fo-cuses on four different options to preprocess sequences of system calls sothat they can be processed by neural networks. These input options arebased on one-hot encoding and learning word2vec or GloVe representa-tions of system calls. As an additional option, we analyze if the mappingof system calls to their respective kernel modules is an adequate gen-eralization step for (a) replacing system calls or (b) enhancing systemcall data with additional information regarding their context. However,when performing such preprocessing steps it is important to ensure thatno relevant information is lost during the process. The overall objec-tive of system call based intrusion detection is to categorize sequences ofsystem calls as benign or malicious behavior. Therefore, this scenario isused to evaluate the different input options as a classification task. Theresults show, that each of the four different methods is a valid optionwhen preprocessing input data, but the use of kernel modules only isnot recommended because too much information is being lost during themapping process.

@article{noauthororeditor, abstract = {Over the years, artificial neural networks have been appliedsuccessfully in many areas including IT security. Yet, neural networkscan only process continuous input data. This is particularly challengingfor security-related non-continuous data like system calls. This work fo-cuses on four different options to preprocess sequences of system calls sothat they can be processed by neural networks. These input options arebased on one-hot encoding and learning word2vec or GloVe representa-tions of system calls. As an additional option, we analyze if the mappingof system calls to their respective kernel modules is an adequate gen-eralization step for (a) replacing system calls or (b) enhancing systemcall data with additional information regarding their context. However,when performing such preprocessing steps it is important to ensure thatno relevant information is lost during the process. The overall objec-tive of system call based intrusion detection is to categorize sequences ofsystem calls as benign or malicious behavior. Therefore, this scenario isused to evaluate the different input options as a classification task. Theresults show, that each of the four different methods is a valid optionwhen preprocessing input data, but the use of kernel modules only isnot recommended because too much information is being lost during themapping process.}, author = {Wunderlich, Sarah and Ring, Markus and Landes, Dieter and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {Logic Journal of the IGPL}, keywords = {wundS}, title = {Comparison of System Call Representations for Intrusion Detection}, volume = {jzaa058}, year = 2020 }

%0 Journal Article %1 noauthororeditor %A Wunderlich, Sarah %A Ring, Markus %A Landes, Dieter %A Hotho, Andreas %D 2020 %J Logic Journal of the IGPL %R 10.1007/978-3-030-20005-3_2 %T Comparison of System Call Representations for Intrusion Detection %V jzaa058 %X Over the years, artificial neural networks have been appliedsuccessfully in many areas including IT security. Yet, neural networkscan only process continuous input data. This is particularly challengingfor security-related non-continuous data like system calls. This work fo-cuses on four different options to preprocess sequences of system calls sothat they can be processed by neural networks. These input options arebased on one-hot encoding and learning word2vec or GloVe representa-tions of system calls. As an additional option, we analyze if the mappingof system calls to their respective kernel modules is an adequate gen-eralization step for (a) replacing system calls or (b) enhancing systemcall data with additional information regarding their context. However,when performing such preprocessing steps it is important to ensure thatno relevant information is lost during the process. The overall objec-tive of system call based intrusion detection is to categorize sequences ofsystem calls as benign or malicious behavior. Therefore, this scenario isused to evaluate the different input options as a classification task. Theresults show, that each of the four different methods is a valid optionwhen preprocessing input data, but the use of kernel modules only isnot recommended because too much information is being lost during themapping process.
HyValue – a Hybrid Reference Model for the Automotive Product Development Process. Schmidtner, Markus; Timinger, Holger. In IEEE TEMS Technology & Engineering Management Society. 2020.
- [ Abstract ]
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Abstract—Traffic and environmental protection are currenttopics for modern cities. Both are heavily influenced by products of the automotive industry. In order to keep pace with technological innovation, sustainability requirements, and societal changes, the automotive industry has to improve development speed and flexibility. Efficient product development processes can help to achieve these targets. Traditionally, the automotive industry uses plan-based development process models like the waterfall or Vee-model. However, this may not be the most efficient and effective process for all suppliers partaking in automotive product development. Instead of a "one size fits all" approach, this research aims at an innovative, digital and adaptive product development process, which integrates the whole value chain including individual requirements of OEM (original equipment manufacturer) and suppliers. The process is digitally modelled as a reference model and allows for simple adaptation. Thus, it allows each development partner to use its plan-based, agile or hybrid development process while ensuring that the results of each partner fit together. Due to its flexible architecture, the adaptive reference model facilitates efficient and effective product development.

@inproceedings{schmidtnerhyvalue, abstract = {Abstract—Traffic and environmental protection are currenttopics for modern cities. Both are heavily influenced by products of the automotive industry. In order to keep pace with technological innovation, sustainability requirements, and societal changes, the automotive industry has to improve development speed and flexibility. Efficient product development processes can help to achieve these targets. Traditionally, the automotive industry uses plan-based development process models like the waterfall or Vee-model. However, this may not be the most efficient and effective process for all suppliers partaking in automotive product development. Instead of a "one size fits all" approach, this research aims at an innovative, digital and adaptive product development process, which integrates the whole value chain including individual requirements of OEM (original equipment manufacturer) and suppliers. The process is digitally modelled as a reference model and allows for simple adaptation. Thus, it allows each development partner to use its plan-based, agile or hybrid development process while ensuring that the results of each partner fit together. Due to its flexible architecture, the adaptive reference model facilitates efficient and effective product development.}, author = {Schmidtner, Markus and Timinger, Holger}, booktitle = {IEEE TEMS Technology & Engineering Management Society}, keywords = {mschdtn}, title = {HyValue – a Hybrid Reference Model for the Automotive Product Development Process}, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 schmidtnerhyvalue %A Schmidtner, Markus %A Timinger, Holger %B IEEE TEMS Technology & Engineering Management Society %D 2020 %R 10.1109/E-TEMS46250.2020 %T HyValue – a Hybrid Reference Model for the Automotive Product Development Process %X Abstract—Traffic and environmental protection are currenttopics for modern cities. Both are heavily influenced by products of the automotive industry. In order to keep pace with technological innovation, sustainability requirements, and societal changes, the automotive industry has to improve development speed and flexibility. Efficient product development processes can help to achieve these targets. Traditionally, the automotive industry uses plan-based development process models like the waterfall or Vee-model. However, this may not be the most efficient and effective process for all suppliers partaking in automotive product development. Instead of a "one size fits all" approach, this research aims at an innovative, digital and adaptive product development process, which integrates the whole value chain including individual requirements of OEM (original equipment manufacturer) and suppliers. The process is digitally modelled as a reference model and allows for simple adaptation. Thus, it allows each development partner to use its plan-based, agile or hybrid development process while ensuring that the results of each partner fit together. Due to its flexible architecture, the adaptive reference model facilitates efficient and effective product development.
ADAMO - Echtzeit Kollaboration mit adaptiven Prozessmodellen (ADAMO - Real-Time Collaboration with Adaptive Process Models). Hilpoltsteiner, Daniel; Schmidtner, Markus. In Modellierung (Companion), Vol. 2542 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, J. Michael, D. Bork, H.-G. Fill, P. Fettke, D. Karagiannis, J. Köpke, A. Koschmider, H. C. Mayr, J.-R. Rehse, U. Reimer, M. Striewe, M. Tropmann-Frick, M. Ullrich (eds.), pp. 193–197. CEUR-WS.org, 2020.
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@inproceedings{conf/modellierung/HilpoltsteinerS20a, author = {Hilpoltsteiner, Daniel and Schmidtner, Markus}, booktitle = {Modellierung (Companion)}, crossref = {conf/modellierung/2020c}, editor = {Michael, Judith and Bork, Dominik and Fill, Hans-Georg and Fettke, Peter and Karagiannis, Dimitris and Köpke, Julius and Koschmider, Agnes and Mayr, Heinrich C. and Rehse, Jana-Rebecca and Reimer, Ulrich and Striewe, Michael and Tropmann-Frick, Marina and Ullrich, Meike}, keywords = {mschdtn}, pages = {193-197}, publisher = {CEUR-WS.org}, series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings}, title = {ADAMO - Echtzeit Kollaboration mit adaptiven Prozessmodellen (ADAMO - Real-Time Collaboration with Adaptive Process Models).}, volume = 2542, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 conf/modellierung/HilpoltsteinerS20a %A Hilpoltsteiner, Daniel %A Schmidtner, Markus %B Modellierung (Companion) %D 2020 %E Michael, Judith %E Bork, Dominik %E Fill, Hans-Georg %E Fettke, Peter %E Karagiannis, Dimitris %E Köpke, Julius %E Koschmider, Agnes %E Mayr, Heinrich C. %E Rehse, Jana-Rebecca %E Reimer, Ulrich %E Striewe, Michael %E Tropmann-Frick, Marina %E Ullrich, Meike %I CEUR-WS.org %P 193-197 %T ADAMO - Echtzeit Kollaboration mit adaptiven Prozessmodellen (ADAMO - Real-Time Collaboration with Adaptive Process Models). %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/modellierung/modellierung2020c.html#HilpoltsteinerS20a %V 2542
Efficient Black-Box Search for Adversarial Examples using Relevance Masks. Auernhammer, Katja; Freiling, Felix; Tavakoli Kolagari, Ramin. In In DYnamic and Novel Advances in Machine Learning and Intelligent Cyber Security (DYNAMICS) Workshop. 2020.
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@inproceedings{auernhammer2020efficient, author = {Auernhammer, Katja and Freiling, Felix and Tavakoli Kolagari, Ramin}, booktitle = {In DYnamic and Novel Advances in Machine Learning and Intelligent Cyber Security (DYNAMICS) Workshop}, keywords = {kauernh}, title = {Efficient Black-Box Search for Adversarial Examples using Relevance Masks}, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 auernhammer2020efficient %A Auernhammer, Katja %A Freiling, Felix %A Tavakoli Kolagari, Ramin %B In DYnamic and Novel Advances in Machine Learning and Intelligent Cyber Security (DYNAMICS) Workshop %D 2020 %T Efficient Black-Box Search for Adversarial Examples using Relevance Masks
Financial Fraud Detection with Improved Neural Arithmetic Logic Units. Schlör, Daniel; Ring, Markus; Krause, Anna; Hotho, Andreas. In Vol. Fifth Workshop on MIning DAta for financial applicationS of Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNCS, volume 12591). Springer, 2020.
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Domain specific neural network architectures have shown to improve the performance of various machine learning tasks by large margin. Financial fraud detection is such an application domain where mathematical relationships are inherently present in the data. However, this domain hasn’t attracted much attention for deep learning and the design of specific neural network architectures yet. In this work, we propose a neural network architecture which incorporates recently proposed Improved Neural Arithmetic Logic Units. These units are capable of modelling mathematical relationships implicitly within a neural network. Further, inspired by a real-world credit payment application, we construct a synthetic benchmark dataset, which reflects the problem setting of automatically capturing such mathematical relations within the data. Our novel network architecture is evaluated on two real-world and two synthetic financial fraud datasets for different network parameters. We compare our proposed model with several well-established classification approaches. The results show that the proposed model is able to improve the performance of neural networks. Further, the proposed model performs among the best approaches for each dataset.

@proceedings{schlr2020financial, abstract = {Domain specific neural network architectures have shown to improve the performance of various machine learning tasks by large margin. Financial fraud detection is such an application domain where mathematical relationships are inherently present in the data. However, this domain hasn’t attracted much attention for deep learning and the design of specific neural network architectures yet. In this work, we propose a neural network architecture which incorporates recently proposed Improved Neural Arithmetic Logic Units. These units are capable of modelling mathematical relationships implicitly within a neural network. Further, inspired by a real-world credit payment application, we construct a synthetic benchmark dataset, which reflects the problem setting of automatically capturing such mathematical relations within the data. Our novel network architecture is evaluated on two real-world and two synthetic financial fraud datasets for different network parameters. We compare our proposed model with several well-established classification approaches. The results show that the proposed model is able to improve the performance of neural networks. Further, the proposed model performs among the best approaches for each dataset.}, author = {Schlör, Daniel and Ring, Markus and Krause, Anna and Hotho, Andreas}, keywords = {mring}, number = 5, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNCS, volume 12591)}, title = {Financial Fraud Detection with Improved Neural Arithmetic Logic Units}, volume = {Fifth Workshop on MIning DAta for financial applicationS}, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Proceedings %1 schlr2020financial %A Schlör, Daniel %A Ring, Markus %A Krause, Anna %A Hotho, Andreas %B Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNCS, volume 12591) %D 2020 %I Springer %N 5 %T Financial Fraud Detection with Improved Neural Arithmetic Logic Units %V Fifth Workshop on MIning DAta for financial applicationS %X Domain specific neural network architectures have shown to improve the performance of various machine learning tasks by large margin. Financial fraud detection is such an application domain where mathematical relationships are inherently present in the data. However, this domain hasn’t attracted much attention for deep learning and the design of specific neural network architectures yet. In this work, we propose a neural network architecture which incorporates recently proposed Improved Neural Arithmetic Logic Units. These units are capable of modelling mathematical relationships implicitly within a neural network. Further, inspired by a real-world credit payment application, we construct a synthetic benchmark dataset, which reflects the problem setting of automatically capturing such mathematical relations within the data. Our novel network architecture is evaluated on two real-world and two synthetic financial fraud datasets for different network parameters. We compare our proposed model with several well-established classification approaches. The results show that the proposed model is able to improve the performance of neural networks. Further, the proposed model performs among the best approaches for each dataset.
iNALU: Improved Neural Arithmetic Logic Unit. Schlör, Daniel; Ring, Markus; Hotho, Andreas. In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 3, p. 71. 2020.
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Neural networks have to capture mathematical relationships in order to learn various tasks. They approximate these relations implicitly and therefore often do not generalize well. The recently proposed Neural Arithmetic Logic Unit (NALU) is a novel neural architecture which is able to explicitly represent the mathematical relationships by the units of the network to learn operations such as summation, subtraction or multiplication. Although NALUs have been shown to perform well on various downstream tasks, an in-depth analysis reveals practical shortcomings by design, such as the inability to multiply or divide negative input values or training stability issues for deeper networks. We address these issues and propose an improved model architecture. We evaluate our model empirically in various settings from learning basic arithmetic operations to more complex functions. Our experiments indicate that our model solves stability issues and outperforms the original NALU model in means of arithmetic precision and convergence.

@article{10.3389/frai.2020.00071, abstract = {Neural networks have to capture mathematical relationships in order to learn various tasks. They approximate these relations implicitly and therefore often do not generalize well. The recently proposed Neural Arithmetic Logic Unit (NALU) is a novel neural architecture which is able to explicitly represent the mathematical relationships by the units of the network to learn operations such as summation, subtraction or multiplication. Although NALUs have been shown to perform well on various downstream tasks, an in-depth analysis reveals practical shortcomings by design, such as the inability to multiply or divide negative input values or training stability issues for deeper networks. We address these issues and propose an improved model architecture. We evaluate our model empirically in various settings from learning basic arithmetic operations to more complex functions. Our experiments indicate that our model solves stability issues and outperforms the original NALU model in means of arithmetic precision and convergence.}, author = {Schlör, Daniel and Ring, Markus and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence}, keywords = {mring}, pages = 71, title = {iNALU: Improved Neural Arithmetic Logic Unit}, volume = 3, year = 2020 }

%0 Journal Article %1 10.3389/frai.2020.00071 %A Schlör, Daniel %A Ring, Markus %A Hotho, Andreas %D 2020 %J Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence %P 71 %R 10.3389/frai.2020.00071 %T iNALU: Improved Neural Arithmetic Logic Unit %U https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/frai.2020.00071 %V 3 %X Neural networks have to capture mathematical relationships in order to learn various tasks. They approximate these relations implicitly and therefore often do not generalize well. The recently proposed Neural Arithmetic Logic Unit (NALU) is a novel neural architecture which is able to explicitly represent the mathematical relationships by the units of the network to learn operations such as summation, subtraction or multiplication. Although NALUs have been shown to perform well on various downstream tasks, an in-depth analysis reveals practical shortcomings by design, such as the inability to multiply or divide negative input values or training stability issues for deeper networks. We address these issues and propose an improved model architecture. We evaluate our model empirically in various settings from learning basic arithmetic operations to more complex functions. Our experiments indicate that our model solves stability issues and outperforms the original NALU model in means of arithmetic precision and convergence.
Towards an Information Security Awareness Maturity Model. Fertig, Tobias; Schütz, Andreas E.; Weber, Kristin; Müller, Nicholas H. In HCI (26), Vol. 12206 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, P. Zaphiris, A. Ioannou (eds.), pp. 587–599. Springer, 2020.
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@inproceedings{conf/hci/FertigSWM20, author = {Fertig, Tobias and Schütz, Andreas E. and Weber, Kristin and Müller, Nicholas H.}, booktitle = {HCI (26)}, crossref = {conf/hci/2020-26}, editor = {Zaphiris, Panayiotis and Ioannou, Andri}, keywords = {tofer}, pages = {587-599}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {Towards an Information Security Awareness Maturity Model.}, volume = 12206, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 conf/hci/FertigSWM20 %A Fertig, Tobias %A Schütz, Andreas E. %A Weber, Kristin %A Müller, Nicholas H. %B HCI (26) %D 2020 %E Zaphiris, Panayiotis %E Ioannou, Andri %I Springer %P 587-599 %T Towards an Information Security Awareness Maturity Model. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/hci/hci2020-26.html#FertigSWM20 %V 12206 %@ 978-3-030-50506-6
Transport Layer Scanning for Attack Surface Detection in Vehicular Networks. Weiss, Nils; Renner, Sebastian; Mottok, Jürgen; Matousek, Vaclav. In Transport Layer Scanning for Attack Surface Detection in Vehicular Networks, pp. 1–8. ACM Computer Science in Cars Symposium, 2020.
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In the beginning of every security analysis or penetration test of a system, information about the target has to be gathered. On IT-Systems a port scan is usually performed as a first step of an investigation. Since the communication protocols differ in automotive systems, generic port scanning tools can’t be used for a security analysis of CANs. More complex protocols have a higher likelihood of implementation errors and bugs. On CAN networks, such payloads are transferred through International Standard Transport Protocol (ISO-TP) communication. We designed a new methodology to identify ISO-TP endpoints in automotive networks. Every of these endpoints can provide exploitable application layer protocols and therefor has to be considered during penetration testing and security analysis. We contribute a new scan approach for the automated evaluation of possible attack surfaces in automotive CAN networks which has a higher coverage and multiple advantages than state of the art approaches.

@inproceedings{weiss2020transport, abstract = {In the beginning of every security analysis or penetration test of a system, information about the target has to be gathered. On IT-Systems a port scan is usually performed as a first step of an investigation. Since the communication protocols differ in automotive systems, generic port scanning tools can’t be used for a security analysis of CANs. More complex protocols have a higher likelihood of implementation errors and bugs. On CAN networks, such payloads are transferred through International Standard Transport Protocol (ISO-TP) communication. We designed a new methodology to identify ISO-TP endpoints in automotive networks. Every of these endpoints can provide exploitable application layer protocols and therefor has to be considered during penetration testing and security analysis. We contribute a new scan approach for the automated evaluation of possible attack surfaces in automotive CAN networks which has a higher coverage and multiple advantages than state of the art approaches.}, author = {Weiss, Nils and Renner, Sebastian and Mottok, Jürgen and Matousek, Vaclav}, booktitle = {Transport Layer Scanning for Attack Surface Detection in Vehicular Networks}, keywords = {srenn}, month = {Dez}, number = {Article No.: 7}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {ACM Computer Science in Cars Symposium}, title = {Transport Layer Scanning for Attack Surface Detection in Vehicular Networks}, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 weiss2020transport %A Weiss, Nils %A Renner, Sebastian %A Mottok, Jürgen %A Matousek, Vaclav %B Transport Layer Scanning for Attack Surface Detection in Vehicular Networks %D 2020 %I ACM Computer Science in Cars Symposium %N Article No.: 7 %P 1-8 %R 10.1145/3385958.3430476 %T Transport Layer Scanning for Attack Surface Detection in Vehicular Networks %X In the beginning of every security analysis or penetration test of a system, information about the target has to be gathered. On IT-Systems a port scan is usually performed as a first step of an investigation. Since the communication protocols differ in automotive systems, generic port scanning tools can’t be used for a security analysis of CANs. More complex protocols have a higher likelihood of implementation errors and bugs. On CAN networks, such payloads are transferred through International Standard Transport Protocol (ISO-TP) communication. We designed a new methodology to identify ISO-TP endpoints in automotive networks. Every of these endpoints can provide exploitable application layer protocols and therefor has to be considered during penetration testing and security analysis. We contribute a new scan approach for the automated evaluation of possible attack surfaces in automotive CAN networks which has a higher coverage and multiple advantages than state of the art approaches.
Analytical and Numerical Investigation of the Fluid Structure Interaction of an Elastic Beam in a Water Channel. Fritsche, Manuel; Epple, Philipp; Delgado, Antonio. In Volume 10: Fluids Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020.
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The interaction between fluids and solids is becoming increasingly important in the design and analysis of machines, buildings and systems. Due to the fluid-mechanical phenomenon of turbulence and the associated flow and vortex shedding, the fluid structure interaction must be considered, for example, in aircraft wings, civil engineering (e. g. television towers or bridges), the rotor blades of wind turbines or in the field of sensor technology. Due to the increasing computing power, increasingly complex tasks can be calculated with the help of numerical simulations. In this paper, an elastic beam has been defined as test case and has been analyzed in different ways with the methods of the fluid structure interaction (FSI), i.e. with analytical and numerical approaches. For this purpose, the plastic beam has been fixed on one side in a water channel and the flow around it and the beam deflection have been measured. The deformation of the beam due to the flow load around it has been analyzed for varied flow velocities. First, the beam deformation has been estimated based on the analytical equations from structural mechanics and an assumed stagnation pressure on the beam surface. Additionally, the drag coefficient from experimental data of the literature was used to estimate the force on and the bending of the beam. Then two numerical simulations with different FSI coupling methods have been performed with Ansys Workbench 2020 R1. On the one hand, a one-way coupling analysis has been performed in which the pressure field was calculated from the CFD simulation and then transferred to the mechanical analysis. On the other hand, a two-way coupling computation has been performed, which also takes transient effects into account. For this purpose, the flow field and the pressure field have been exchanged iteratively between the fluid and the mechanical solver. This coupling approach is general and corresponds to reality since large deformations and non-linearities are considered. However, this approach always requires a very computation intensive, non-stationary calculation. The results obtained from these parameter studies have then been evaluated and compared in order to determine the accuracy of each analysis methodology. The elaborated results have been discussed and analyzed in detail.

@inproceedings{Fritsche_2020, abstract = {The interaction between fluids and solids is becoming increasingly important in the design and analysis of machines, buildings and systems. Due to the fluid-mechanical phenomenon of turbulence and the associated flow and vortex shedding, the fluid structure interaction must be considered, for example, in aircraft wings, civil engineering (e. g. television towers or bridges), the rotor blades of wind turbines or in the field of sensor technology. Due to the increasing computing power, increasingly complex tasks can be calculated with the help of numerical simulations. In this paper, an elastic beam has been defined as test case and has been analyzed in different ways with the methods of the fluid structure interaction (FSI), i.e. with analytical and numerical approaches. For this purpose, the plastic beam has been fixed on one side in a water channel and the flow around it and the beam deflection have been measured. The deformation of the beam due to the flow load around it has been analyzed for varied flow velocities. First, the beam deformation has been estimated based on the analytical equations from structural mechanics and an assumed stagnation pressure on the beam surface. Additionally, the drag coefficient from experimental data of the literature was used to estimate the force on and the bending of the beam. Then two numerical simulations with different FSI coupling methods have been performed with Ansys Workbench 2020 R1. On the one hand, a one-way coupling analysis has been performed in which the pressure field was calculated from the CFD simulation and then transferred to the mechanical analysis. On the other hand, a two-way coupling computation has been performed, which also takes transient effects into account. For this purpose, the flow field and the pressure field have been exchanged iteratively between the fluid and the mechanical solver. This coupling approach is general and corresponds to reality since large deformations and non-linearities are considered. However, this approach always requires a very computation intensive, non-stationary calculation. The results obtained from these parameter studies have then been evaluated and compared in order to determine the accuracy of each analysis methodology. The elaborated results have been discussed and analyzed in detail.}, author = {Fritsche, Manuel and Epple, Philipp and Delgado, Antonio}, booktitle = {Volume 10: Fluids Engineering}, keywords = {mfri}, month = 11, publisher = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers}, title = {Analytical and Numerical Investigation of the Fluid Structure Interaction of an Elastic Beam in a Water Channel}, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 Fritsche_2020 %A Fritsche, Manuel %A Epple, Philipp %A Delgado, Antonio %B Volume 10: Fluids Engineering %D 2020 %I American Society of Mechanical Engineers %R 10.1115/imece2020-23831 %T Analytical and Numerical Investigation of the Fluid Structure Interaction of an Elastic Beam in a Water Channel %U https://doi.org/10.1115%2Fimece2020-23831 %X The interaction between fluids and solids is becoming increasingly important in the design and analysis of machines, buildings and systems. Due to the fluid-mechanical phenomenon of turbulence and the associated flow and vortex shedding, the fluid structure interaction must be considered, for example, in aircraft wings, civil engineering (e. g. television towers or bridges), the rotor blades of wind turbines or in the field of sensor technology. Due to the increasing computing power, increasingly complex tasks can be calculated with the help of numerical simulations. In this paper, an elastic beam has been defined as test case and has been analyzed in different ways with the methods of the fluid structure interaction (FSI), i.e. with analytical and numerical approaches. For this purpose, the plastic beam has been fixed on one side in a water channel and the flow around it and the beam deflection have been measured. The deformation of the beam due to the flow load around it has been analyzed for varied flow velocities. First, the beam deformation has been estimated based on the analytical equations from structural mechanics and an assumed stagnation pressure on the beam surface. Additionally, the drag coefficient from experimental data of the literature was used to estimate the force on and the bending of the beam. Then two numerical simulations with different FSI coupling methods have been performed with Ansys Workbench 2020 R1. On the one hand, a one-way coupling analysis has been performed in which the pressure field was calculated from the CFD simulation and then transferred to the mechanical analysis. On the other hand, a two-way coupling computation has been performed, which also takes transient effects into account. For this purpose, the flow field and the pressure field have been exchanged iteratively between the fluid and the mechanical solver. This coupling approach is general and corresponds to reality since large deformations and non-linearities are considered. However, this approach always requires a very computation intensive, non-stationary calculation. The results obtained from these parameter studies have then been evaluated and compared in order to determine the accuracy of each analysis methodology. The elaborated results have been discussed and analyzed in detail.
Edge-preserving compression of CT scans using wavelets. Stock, AM; Herl, G; Sauer, T; Hiller, J. In Insight- Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring, 62(6), pp. 345–351 (7). 2020.
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This work addresses the subject of efficient storage of computed tomography (CT) data with an emphasis on the quality of surfaces. Industrial dimensional metrology often requires high measurement accuracy and it is shown that this is retained using wavelet-based compression methods. The applied techniques include a tensor product wavelet transform and soft wavelet shrinkage. In these tests, performed on real objects, dimensional CT measurements of compressed and uncompressed volumes were compared. The necessary storage space was reduced significantly with a negligible loss of accuracy. The storage space required for a multi-sphere phantom was decreased to 4.7% (from 638 MB to 30 MB), with an average deviation below 1 μm from the original volume.

@article{noauthororeditor, abstract = {This work addresses the subject of efficient storage of computed tomography (CT) data with an emphasis on the quality of surfaces. Industrial dimensional metrology often requires high measurement accuracy and it is shown that this is retained using wavelet-based compression methods. The applied techniques include a tensor product wavelet transform and soft wavelet shrinkage. In these tests, performed on real objects, dimensional CT measurements of compressed and uncompressed volumes were compared. The necessary storage space was reduced significantly with a negligible loss of accuracy. The storage space required for a multi-sphere phantom was decreased to 4.7% (from 638 MB to 30 MB), with an average deviation below 1 μm from the original volume.}, author = {Stock, AM and Herl, G and Sauer, T and Hiller, J}, journal = {Insight- Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring}, keywords = {gher}, month = {06}, number = 6, pages = {345-351 (7)}, title = {Edge-preserving compression of CT scans using wavelets}, volume = 62, year = 2020 }

%0 Journal Article %1 noauthororeditor %A Stock, AM %A Herl, G %A Sauer, T %A Hiller, J %D 2020 %J Insight- Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring %N 6 %P 345-351 (7) %R https://doi.org/10.1784/insi.2020.62.6.345 %T Edge-preserving compression of CT scans using wavelets %U https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bindt/insight/2020/00000062/00000006/art00008 %V 62 %X This work addresses the subject of efficient storage of computed tomography (CT) data with an emphasis on the quality of surfaces. Industrial dimensional metrology often requires high measurement accuracy and it is shown that this is retained using wavelet-based compression methods. The applied techniques include a tensor product wavelet transform and soft wavelet shrinkage. In these tests, performed on real objects, dimensional CT measurements of compressed and uncompressed volumes were compared. The necessary storage space was reduced significantly with a negligible loss of accuracy. The storage space required for a multi-sphere phantom was decreased to 4.7% (from 638 MB to 30 MB), with an average deviation below 1 μm from the original volume.
A Hardware in the Loop Benchmark Suite to Evaluate NIST LWC Ciphers on Microcontrollers. Renner, Sebastian; Pozzobon, Enrico; Mottok, Jürgen. In ICICS, Vol. 12282 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 495–509. Springer, 2020.
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- [ EndNote ]
- [ DOI ]
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) started the standardization process for lightweight cryptography algorithms in 2018. By the end of the first round, 32 submissions have been selected as 2nd round candidates. NIST allowed designers of 2nd round submissions to provide small updates on both their specifications and implementation packages. In this work, we introduce a benchmarking framework for evaluating the performance of NIST Lightweight Cryptography (LWC) candidates on embedded platforms. We show the features and application of the framework and explain its design rationale. Moreover, we provide information on how we aim to present up-to-date performance figures throughout the NIST LWC competition. In this paper, we present an excerpt of our software benchmarking results regarding speed and memory requirements of selected ciphers. All up-to-date results, including benchmarking different test cases for multiple variants of each 2nd round algorithm on five different microcontrollers, are periodically published to a public website. While initially only the reference implementations were available, the ability of automatically testing the performance of the candidate algorithms on multiple platforms becomes especially relevant as more optimized implementations are developed. Finally, we show how the framework can be extended in different directions: support for more target platforms can be easily added, different kinds of algorithms can be tested, and other test metrics can be acquired. The focus of this paper should rather lay on the framework design and testing methodology than on the current results, especially for reference code.

@inproceedings{renner2020hardware, abstract = {The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) started the standardization process for lightweight cryptography algorithms in 2018. By the end of the first round, 32 submissions have been selected as 2nd round candidates. NIST allowed designers of 2nd round submissions to provide small updates on both their specifications and implementation packages. In this work, we introduce a benchmarking framework for evaluating the performance of NIST Lightweight Cryptography (LWC) candidates on embedded platforms. We show the features and application of the framework and explain its design rationale. Moreover, we provide information on how we aim to present up-to-date performance figures throughout the NIST LWC competition. In this paper, we present an excerpt of our software benchmarking results regarding speed and memory requirements of selected ciphers. All up-to-date results, including benchmarking different test cases for multiple variants of each 2nd round algorithm on five different microcontrollers, are periodically published to a public website. While initially only the reference implementations were available, the ability of automatically testing the performance of the candidate algorithms on multiple platforms becomes especially relevant as more optimized implementations are developed. Finally, we show how the framework can be extended in different directions: support for more target platforms can be easily added, different kinds of algorithms can be tested, and other test metrics can be acquired. The focus of this paper should rather lay on the framework design and testing methodology than on the current results, especially for reference code.}, author = {Renner, Sebastian and Pozzobon, Enrico and Mottok, Jürgen}, booktitle = {ICICS}, keywords = {srenn}, month = 11, pages = {495-509}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {A Hardware in the Loop Benchmark Suite to Evaluate NIST LWC Ciphers on Microcontrollers}, volume = 12282, year = 2020 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 renner2020hardware %A Renner, Sebastian %A Pozzobon, Enrico %A Mottok, Jürgen %B ICICS %D 2020 %I Springer %P 495-509 %R 10.1007/978-3-030-61078-4_28 %T A Hardware in the Loop Benchmark Suite to Evaluate NIST LWC Ciphers on Microcontrollers %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/icics/icics2020.html#RennerPM20 %V 12282 %X The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) started the standardization process for lightweight cryptography algorithms in 2018. By the end of the first round, 32 submissions have been selected as 2nd round candidates. NIST allowed designers of 2nd round submissions to provide small updates on both their specifications and implementation packages. In this work, we introduce a benchmarking framework for evaluating the performance of NIST Lightweight Cryptography (LWC) candidates on embedded platforms. We show the features and application of the framework and explain its design rationale. Moreover, we provide information on how we aim to present up-to-date performance figures throughout the NIST LWC competition. In this paper, we present an excerpt of our software benchmarking results regarding speed and memory requirements of selected ciphers. All up-to-date results, including benchmarking different test cases for multiple variants of each 2nd round algorithm on five different microcontrollers, are periodically published to a public website. While initially only the reference implementations were available, the ability of automatically testing the performance of the candidate algorithms on multiple platforms becomes especially relevant as more optimized implementations are developed. Finally, we show how the framework can be extended in different directions: support for more target platforms can be easily added, different kinds of algorithms can be tested, and other test metrics can be acquired. The focus of this paper should rather lay on the framework design and testing methodology than on the current results, especially for reference code. %@ 978-3-030-61078-4

2019[ to top ]

Attacks on Machine Learning: Lurking Danger for Accountability. Auernhammer, Katja; Tavakoli Kolagari, Ramin; Zoppelt, Markus. In Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence AAAI Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Safety 2019. 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
It is well-known that there is no safety without security. That being said, a sound investigation of security breaches on Ma-chine Learning (ML) is a prerequisite for any safety concerns. Since attacks on ML systems and their impact on the security goals threaten the safety of an ML system, we discuss the im-pact attacks have on the ML models’ security goals, which are rarely considered in published scientific papers. The contribution of this paper is a non-exhaustive list of pub-lished attacks on ML models and a categorization of attacks according to their phase (training, after-training) and their im-pact on security goals. Based on our categorization we show that not all security goals have yet been considered in the lit-erature, either because they were ignored or there are no pub-lications on attacks targeting those goals specifically, and that some are difficult to assess, such as accountability. This is probably due to some ML models being a black box.

@inproceedings{auernhammer2019attacks, abstract = {It is well-known that there is no safety without security. That being said, a sound investigation of security breaches on Ma-chine Learning (ML) is a prerequisite for any safety concerns. Since attacks on ML systems and their impact on the security goals threaten the safety of an ML system, we discuss the im-pact attacks have on the ML models’ security goals, which are rarely considered in published scientific papers. The contribution of this paper is a non-exhaustive list of pub-lished attacks on ML models and a categorization of attacks according to their phase (training, after-training) and their im-pact on security goals. Based on our categorization we show that not all security goals have yet been considered in the lit-erature, either because they were ignored or there are no pub-lications on attacks targeting those goals specifically, and that some are difficult to assess, such as accountability. This is probably due to some ML models being a black box.}, author = {Auernhammer, Katja and Tavakoli Kolagari, Ramin and Zoppelt, Markus}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence AAAI Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Safety 2019}, keywords = {kauernh}, title = {Attacks on Machine Learning: Lurking Danger for Accountability}, year = 2019 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 auernhammer2019attacks %A Auernhammer, Katja %A Tavakoli Kolagari, Ramin %A Zoppelt, Markus %B Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence AAAI Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Safety 2019 %D 2019 %T Attacks on Machine Learning: Lurking Danger for Accountability %X It is well-known that there is no safety without security. That being said, a sound investigation of security breaches on Ma-chine Learning (ML) is a prerequisite for any safety concerns. Since attacks on ML systems and their impact on the security goals threaten the safety of an ML system, we discuss the im-pact attacks have on the ML models’ security goals, which are rarely considered in published scientific papers. The contribution of this paper is a non-exhaustive list of pub-lished attacks on ML models and a categorization of attacks according to their phase (training, after-training) and their im-pact on security goals. Based on our categorization we show that not all security goals have yet been considered in the lit-erature, either because they were ignored or there are no pub-lications on attacks targeting those goals specifically, and that some are difficult to assess, such as accountability. This is probably due to some ML models being a black box.
Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of the Pressure Distribution and Discharge Velocity in Flows Under Inclined Sluice Gates. Epple, Philipp; Steppert, Michael; Malcherek, Andreas; Fritsche, Manuel. In ASME-JSME_KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
The flow under sluice gates is nowadays frequently still determined by empirical approaches, based on the Bernoulli equation and a specific discharge coefficient which depends on the geometry of the sluice gate. This discharge coefficient is determined either from potential theory approaches or from a variety of experimental series. Based on Malcherek’s new momentum balance theory approach, the flow under inclined sluice gates can be described now on a physical approach. While the pressure distribution of the vertical sluice gate, which was investigated by the authors in previous works, results in a horizontal acting force only, the pressure distribution of the inclined sluice gate brings an additional force component acting in the vertical direction. The magnitude and the sign of the force in the vertical direction depends on the sign and the value of the angle of inclination. With the commercial CFD solver Star-CCM+ from Siemens PLM, the flow under inclined sluice gates was investigated in detail, to be compared with Malcherek’s momentum balance theory. For this basic investigation, boundary layer effects and 3D effects were first neglected. For various angles of inclination and water levels the pressure distribution on the ground under the sluice gate and on the surface of the sluice gate itself, were evaluated and mathematical functions were introduced to describe the pressure distributions. These results were compared with the results from the vertical sluice gate. Also the discharge velocity and the volumetric flow rate were analyzed and compared with the Malcherek’s new momentum balance theory for inclined sluice gates.

@article{noauthororeditor2019theoretical, abstract = {The flow under sluice gates is nowadays frequently still determined by empirical approaches, based on the Bernoulli equation and a specific discharge coefficient which depends on the geometry of the sluice gate. This discharge coefficient is determined either from potential theory approaches or from a variety of experimental series. Based on Malcherek’s new momentum balance theory approach, the flow under inclined sluice gates can be described now on a physical approach. While the pressure distribution of the vertical sluice gate, which was investigated by the authors in previous works, results in a horizontal acting force only, the pressure distribution of the inclined sluice gate brings an additional force component acting in the vertical direction. The magnitude and the sign of the force in the vertical direction depends on the sign and the value of the angle of inclination. With the commercial CFD solver Star-CCM+ from Siemens PLM, the flow under inclined sluice gates was investigated in detail, to be compared with Malcherek’s momentum balance theory. For this basic investigation, boundary layer effects and 3D effects were first neglected. For various angles of inclination and water levels the pressure distribution on the ground under the sluice gate and on the surface of the sluice gate itself, were evaluated and mathematical functions were introduced to describe the pressure distributions. These results were compared with the results from the vertical sluice gate. Also the discharge velocity and the volumetric flow rate were analyzed and compared with the Malcherek’s new momentum balance theory for inclined sluice gates.}, author = {Epple, Philipp and Steppert, Michael and Malcherek, Andreas and Fritsche, Manuel}, journal = {ASME-JSME_KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference}, keywords = {mf}, title = {Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of the Pressure Distribution and Discharge Velocity in Flows Under Inclined Sluice Gates}, year = 2019 }

%0 Journal Article %1 noauthororeditor2019theoretical %A Epple, Philipp %A Steppert, Michael %A Malcherek, Andreas %A Fritsche, Manuel %D 2019 %J ASME-JSME_KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference %T Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of the Pressure Distribution and Discharge Velocity in Flows Under Inclined Sluice Gates %U https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/FEDSM/proceedings-abstract/AJKFluids2019/59087/V005T05A056/1069462 %X The flow under sluice gates is nowadays frequently still determined by empirical approaches, based on the Bernoulli equation and a specific discharge coefficient which depends on the geometry of the sluice gate. This discharge coefficient is determined either from potential theory approaches or from a variety of experimental series. Based on Malcherek’s new momentum balance theory approach, the flow under inclined sluice gates can be described now on a physical approach. While the pressure distribution of the vertical sluice gate, which was investigated by the authors in previous works, results in a horizontal acting force only, the pressure distribution of the inclined sluice gate brings an additional force component acting in the vertical direction. The magnitude and the sign of the force in the vertical direction depends on the sign and the value of the angle of inclination. With the commercial CFD solver Star-CCM+ from Siemens PLM, the flow under inclined sluice gates was investigated in detail, to be compared with Malcherek’s momentum balance theory. For this basic investigation, boundary layer effects and 3D effects were first neglected. For various angles of inclination and water levels the pressure distribution on the ground under the sluice gate and on the surface of the sluice gate itself, were evaluated and mathematical functions were introduced to describe the pressure distributions. These results were compared with the results from the vertical sluice gate. Also the discharge velocity and the volumetric flow rate were analyzed and compared with the Malcherek’s new momentum balance theory for inclined sluice gates.
{Signed Distance Based Reconstruction for Exploration and Change Detection in Underground Mining Disaster Prevention}. {Koch}, P.; {May}, S.; {Engelhardt}, H.; {Ziegler}, J.; {N{ü}chter}, A. In IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR ’19), pp. 1–2. 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
- [ DOI ]
This publication describes an application of a Truncated Signed Distance Mapping approach for disaster intervention in underground mine shafts through geometrical change detection of the shaft walls. The paper describes two main problems of such an approach (aligning two potentially huge point clouds and automatic change detection by comparing the reconstructed volumes) and explains in detail the proposed solution.

@inproceedings{SSRR2019_3, abstract = {This publication describes an application of a Truncated Signed Distance Mapping approach for disaster intervention in underground mine shafts through geometrical change detection of the shaft walls. The paper describes two main problems of such an approach (aligning two potentially huge point clouds and automatic change detection by comparing the reconstructed volumes) and explains in detail the proposed solution.}, author = {{Koch}, P. and {May}, S. and {Engelhardt}, H. and {Ziegler}, J. and {N{\"u}chter}, A.}, booktitle = {IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR '19)}, keywords = {phk}, month = {09}, pages = {1–2}, title = {{Signed Distance Based Reconstruction for Exploration and Change Detection in Underground Mining Disaster Prevention}}, year = 2019 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 SSRR2019_3 %A {Koch}, P. %A {May}, S. %A {Engelhardt}, H. %A {Ziegler}, J. %A {N{ü}chter}, A. %B IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR '19) %D 2019 %P 1--2 %R 10.1109/SSRR.2019.8848931 %T {Signed Distance Based Reconstruction for Exploration and Change Detection in Underground Mining Disaster Prevention} %U https://robotik.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/telematics/download/ssrr2019_3.pdf %X This publication describes an application of a Truncated Signed Distance Mapping approach for disaster intervention in underground mine shafts through geometrical change detection of the shaft walls. The paper describes two main problems of such an approach (aligning two potentially huge point clouds and automatic change detection by comparing the reconstructed volumes) and explains in detail the proposed solution.
LICSTER - A Low-cost ICS Security Testbed for Education and Research. Sauer, Felix; Niedermaier, Matthias; Kießling, Susanne; Merli, Dominik. In Computing Research Repository CoRR, abs/1910.00303. 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Unnoticed by most people, Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) control entire productions and critical infrastructures such as water distribution, smart grid and automotive manufacturing. Due to the ongoing digitalization, these systems are becoming more and more connected in order to enable remote control and monitoring. However, this shift bears significant risks, namely a larger attack surface, which can be exploited by attackers. In order to make these systems more secure, it takes research, which is, however, difficult to conduct on productive systems, since these often have to operate twenty-four-seven. Testbeds are mostly very expensive or based on simulation with no real-world physical process. In this paper, we introduce LICSTER, an open-source low-cost ICS testbed, which enables researchers and students to get hands-on experience with industrial security for about 500 Euro. We provide all necessary material to quickly start ICS hacking, with the focus on low-cost and open-source for education and research.

@article{journals/corr/abs-1910-00303, abstract = {Unnoticed by most people, Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) control entire productions and critical infrastructures such as water distribution, smart grid and automotive manufacturing. Due to the ongoing digitalization, these systems are becoming more and more connected in order to enable remote control and monitoring. However, this shift bears significant risks, namely a larger attack surface, which can be exploited by attackers. In order to make these systems more secure, it takes research, which is, however, difficult to conduct on productive systems, since these often have to operate twenty-four-seven. Testbeds are mostly very expensive or based on simulation with no real-world physical process. In this paper, we introduce LICSTER, an open-source low-cost ICS testbed, which enables researchers and students to get hands-on experience with industrial security for about 500 Euro. We provide all necessary material to quickly start ICS hacking, with the focus on low-cost and open-source for education and research.}, author = {Sauer, Felix and Niedermaier, Matthias and Kießling, Susanne and Merli, Dominik}, journal = {Computing Research Repository CoRR}, keywords = {MNie}, title = {LICSTER - A Low-cost ICS Security Testbed for Education and Research.}, volume = {abs/1910.00303}, year = 2019 }

%0 Journal Article %1 journals/corr/abs-1910-00303 %A Sauer, Felix %A Niedermaier, Matthias %A Kießling, Susanne %A Merli, Dominik %D 2019 %J Computing Research Repository CoRR %T LICSTER - A Low-cost ICS Security Testbed for Education and Research. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/corr/corr1910.html#abs-1910-00303 %V abs/1910.00303 %X Unnoticed by most people, Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) control entire productions and critical infrastructures such as water distribution, smart grid and automotive manufacturing. Due to the ongoing digitalization, these systems are becoming more and more connected in order to enable remote control and monitoring. However, this shift bears significant risks, namely a larger attack surface, which can be exploited by attackers. In order to make these systems more secure, it takes research, which is, however, difficult to conduct on productive systems, since these often have to operate twenty-four-seven. Testbeds are mostly very expensive or based on simulation with no real-world physical process. In this paper, we introduce LICSTER, an open-source low-cost ICS testbed, which enables researchers and students to get hands-on experience with industrial security for about 500 Euro. We provide all necessary material to quickly start ICS hacking, with the focus on low-cost and open-source for education and research.
Efficient Passive ICS Device Discovery and Identification by MAC Address Correlation. Niedermaier, Matthias; Hanka, Thomas; Plaga, Sven; von Bodisco, Alexander; Merli, Dominik. In Computing Research Repository CoRR, abs/1904.04271. 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Owing to a growing number of attacks, the assessment of Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) has gained in importance. An integral part of an assessment is the creation of a detailed inventory of all connected devices, enabling vulnerability evaluations. For this purpose, scans of networks are crucial. Active scanning, which generates irregular traffic, is a method to get an overview of connected and active devices. Since such additional traffic may lead to an unexpected behavior of devices, active scanning methods should be avoided in critical infrastructure networks. In such cases, passive network monitoring offers an alternative, which is often used in conjunction with complex deep-packet inspection techniques. There are very few publications on lightweight passive scanning methodologies for industrial networks. In this paper, we propose a lightweight passive network monitoring technique using an efficient Media Access Control (MAC) address-based identification of industrial devices. Based on an incomplete set of known MAC address to device associations, the presented method can guess correct device and vendor information. Proving the feasibility of the method, an implementation is also introduced and evaluated regarding its efficiency. The feasibility of predicting a specific device/vendor combination is demonstrated by having similar devices in the database. In our ICS testbed, we reached a host discovery rate of 100% at an identification rate of more than 66%, outperforming the results of existing tools.

@article{journals/corr/abs-1904-04271, abstract = {Owing to a growing number of attacks, the assessment of Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) has gained in importance. An integral part of an assessment is the creation of a detailed inventory of all connected devices, enabling vulnerability evaluations. For this purpose, scans of networks are crucial. Active scanning, which generates irregular traffic, is a method to get an overview of connected and active devices. Since such additional traffic may lead to an unexpected behavior of devices, active scanning methods should be avoided in critical infrastructure networks. In such cases, passive network monitoring offers an alternative, which is often used in conjunction with complex deep-packet inspection techniques. There are very few publications on lightweight passive scanning methodologies for industrial networks. In this paper, we propose a lightweight passive network monitoring technique using an efficient Media Access Control (MAC) address-based identification of industrial devices. Based on an incomplete set of known MAC address to device associations, the presented method can guess correct device and vendor information. Proving the feasibility of the method, an implementation is also introduced and evaluated regarding its efficiency. The feasibility of predicting a specific device/vendor combination is demonstrated by having similar devices in the database. In our ICS testbed, we reached a host discovery rate of 100% at an identification rate of more than 66%, outperforming the results of existing tools.}, author = {Niedermaier, Matthias and Hanka, Thomas and Plaga, Sven and von Bodisco, Alexander and Merli, Dominik}, journal = {Computing Research Repository CoRR}, keywords = {MNie}, title = {Efficient Passive ICS Device Discovery and Identification by MAC Address Correlation.}, volume = {abs/1904.04271}, year = 2019 }

%0 Journal Article %1 journals/corr/abs-1904-04271 %A Niedermaier, Matthias %A Hanka, Thomas %A Plaga, Sven %A von Bodisco, Alexander %A Merli, Dominik %D 2019 %J Computing Research Repository CoRR %T Efficient Passive ICS Device Discovery and Identification by MAC Address Correlation. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/corr/corr1904.html#abs-1904-04271 %V abs/1904.04271 %X Owing to a growing number of attacks, the assessment of Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) has gained in importance. An integral part of an assessment is the creation of a detailed inventory of all connected devices, enabling vulnerability evaluations. For this purpose, scans of networks are crucial. Active scanning, which generates irregular traffic, is a method to get an overview of connected and active devices. Since such additional traffic may lead to an unexpected behavior of devices, active scanning methods should be avoided in critical infrastructure networks. In such cases, passive network monitoring offers an alternative, which is often used in conjunction with complex deep-packet inspection techniques. There are very few publications on lightweight passive scanning methodologies for industrial networks. In this paper, we propose a lightweight passive network monitoring technique using an efficient Media Access Control (MAC) address-based identification of industrial devices. Based on an incomplete set of known MAC address to device associations, the presented method can guess correct device and vendor information. Proving the feasibility of the method, an implementation is also introduced and evaluated regarding its efficiency. The feasibility of predicting a specific device/vendor combination is demonstrated by having similar devices in the database. In our ICS testbed, we reached a host discovery rate of 100% at an identification rate of more than 66%, outperforming the results of existing tools.
A Secure Dual-MCU Architecture for Robust Communication of IIoT Devices. Niedermaier, Matthias; Merli, Dominik; Georg, Sigl. In Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO); IEEE. 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has already become a part of our everyday life be it water supply, smart grid, or production, IIoT is everywhere. For example, factory operators want to know the current state of the production line. These new demands for data acquisition in modern plants require industrial components to be able to communicate. Nowadays, network communication in Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) is often implemented via an IP-based protocol. This intercommunication also brings a larger attack surface for hackers. If an IIoT device is influenced by attackers, the physical process could be affected. For example, a high network load could cause a high Central Processing Unit (CPU) load and influence the reaction time on the physical control side. In this paper, we introduce a dual Microcontroller Unit (MCU) setup to ensure a resilient controlling for IIoT devices like Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). We introduce a possible solution for the demand of secure architectures in the IIoT. Moreover, we provide a Proof of Concept (PoC) implementation with a benchmark and a comparison with a standard PLC.

@article{noauthororeditor2019secure, abstract = {The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has already become a part of our everyday life be it water supply, smart grid, or production, IIoT is everywhere. For example, factory operators want to know the current state of the production line. These new demands for data acquisition in modern plants require industrial components to be able to communicate. Nowadays, network communication in Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) is often implemented via an IP-based protocol. This intercommunication also brings a larger attack surface for hackers. If an IIoT device is influenced by attackers, the physical process could be affected. For example, a high network load could cause a high Central Processing Unit (CPU) load and influence the reaction time on the physical control side. In this paper, we introduce a dual Microcontroller Unit (MCU) setup to ensure a resilient controlling for IIoT devices like Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). We introduce a possible solution for the demand of secure architectures in the IIoT. Moreover, we provide a Proof of Concept (PoC) implementation with a benchmark and a comparison with a standard PLC.}, author = {Niedermaier, Matthias and Merli, Dominik and Georg, Sigl}, journal = {Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO); IEEE}, keywords = {mnied}, title = {A Secure Dual-MCU Architecture for Robust Communication of IIoT Devices}, year = 2019 }

%0 Journal Article %1 noauthororeditor2019secure %A Niedermaier, Matthias %A Merli, Dominik %A Georg, Sigl %D 2019 %J Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO); IEEE %T A Secure Dual-MCU Architecture for Robust Communication of IIoT Devices %X The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has already become a part of our everyday life be it water supply, smart grid, or production, IIoT is everywhere. For example, factory operators want to know the current state of the production line. These new demands for data acquisition in modern plants require industrial components to be able to communicate. Nowadays, network communication in Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) is often implemented via an IP-based protocol. This intercommunication also brings a larger attack surface for hackers. If an IIoT device is influenced by attackers, the physical process could be affected. For example, a high network load could cause a high Central Processing Unit (CPU) load and influence the reaction time on the physical control side. In this paper, we introduce a dual Microcontroller Unit (MCU) setup to ensure a resilient controlling for IIoT devices like Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). We introduce a possible solution for the demand of secure architectures in the IIoT. Moreover, we provide a Proof of Concept (PoC) implementation with a benchmark and a comparison with a standard PLC.
Testing, modeling and simulation of fans working with organic vapors. Reinker, Felix; Wagner, Robert; Hasselmann, Karsten; aus der Wiesche, Stefan; Fritsche, Manuel; Epple, Philipp; Rußwurm, Hans Jörg. In Proceedings of 13th European Conference on Turbomachinery Fluid dynamics & Thermodynamics, of ETC2019-195. 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
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The present contribution presents a test facility for fans working with organic vapors where non-ideal gas effects are relevant. In contrast to conventional testing of atmospheric fans a thermodynamic approach based on very precise temperature measurements is employed for obtaining the performance curves. The experimental data are used for validation of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the organic vapor flows within the turbomachinery including real gas effects. The combined experimental and numerical analysis approach enables the assessment of conventional design rules and correlations. It is found that the influence of the Mach number on efficiency is dominant, and the expected Reynolds number scaling is fully compensated by compressibility effects in the case of an organic vapor with its low speed of sound.

@inproceedings{noauthororeditor2019testing, abstract = {The present contribution presents a test facility for fans working with organic vapors where non-ideal gas effects are relevant. In contrast to conventional testing of atmospheric fans a thermodynamic approach based on very precise temperature measurements is employed for obtaining the performance curves. The experimental data are used for validation of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the organic vapor flows within the turbomachinery including real gas effects. The combined experimental and numerical analysis approach enables the assessment of conventional design rules and correlations. It is found that the influence of the Mach number on efficiency is dominant, and the expected Reynolds number scaling is fully compensated by compressibility effects in the case of an organic vapor with its low speed of sound.}, author = {Reinker, Felix and Wagner, Robert and Hasselmann, Karsten and aus der Wiesche, Stefan and Fritsche, Manuel and Epple, Philipp and Rußwurm, Hans Jörg}, booktitle = {Proceedings of 13th European Conference on Turbomachinery Fluid dynamics & Thermodynamics}, keywords = {mf}, series = {ETC2019-195}, title = {Testing, modeling and simulation of fans working with organic vapors}, year = 2019 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 noauthororeditor2019testing %A Reinker, Felix %A Wagner, Robert %A Hasselmann, Karsten %A aus der Wiesche, Stefan %A Fritsche, Manuel %A Epple, Philipp %A Rußwurm, Hans Jörg %B Proceedings of 13th European Conference on Turbomachinery Fluid dynamics & Thermodynamics %D 2019 %T Testing, modeling and simulation of fans working with organic vapors %U https://www.euroturbo.eu/publications/proceedings-papers/etc2019-195/ %X The present contribution presents a test facility for fans working with organic vapors where non-ideal gas effects are relevant. In contrast to conventional testing of atmospheric fans a thermodynamic approach based on very precise temperature measurements is employed for obtaining the performance curves. The experimental data are used for validation of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the organic vapor flows within the turbomachinery including real gas effects. The combined experimental and numerical analysis approach enables the assessment of conventional design rules and correlations. It is found that the influence of the Mach number on efficiency is dominant, and the expected Reynolds number scaling is fully compensated by compressibility effects in the case of an organic vapor with its low speed of sound.
What Today’s Serious Cyber Attacks on Cars Tell Us: Consequences for Automotive Security and Dependability. Zoppelt, Markus; Kolagari, Ramin Tavakoli. In IMBSA, Vol. 11842 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Y. Papadopoulos, K. Aslansefat, P. Katsaros, M. Bozzano (eds.), pp. 270–285. Springer, 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Highly connected with the environment via various interfaces, cars have been the focus of malicious cyber attacks for years. These attacks are becoming an increasing burden for a society with growing vehicle autonomization: they are the sword of Damocles of future mobility. Therefore, research is particularly active in the area of vehicle IT security, and in part also in the area of dependability, in order to develop effective countermeasures and to maintain a minimum of one step ahead of hackers. This paper examines the known state-of-the-art security and dependability measures based on a detailed and systematic analysis of published cyber attacks on automotive software systems. The sobering result of the analysis of the cyber attacks with the model-based technique SAM (Security Abstraction Model) and a categorization of the examined attacks in relation to the known security and dependability measures is that most countermeasures against cyber attacks are hardly effective. They either are not applicable to the underlying problem or take effect too late; the intruder has already gained access to a substantial part of the vehicle when the countermeasures apply. The paper is thus contributing to an understanding of the gaps that exist today in the area of vehicle security and dependability and concludes concrete research challenges.

@inproceedings{conf/imbsa/ZoppeltK19, abstract = {Highly connected with the environment via various interfaces, cars have been the focus of malicious cyber attacks for years. These attacks are becoming an increasing burden for a society with growing vehicle autonomization: they are the sword of Damocles of future mobility. Therefore, research is particularly active in the area of vehicle IT security, and in part also in the area of dependability, in order to develop effective countermeasures and to maintain a minimum of one step ahead of hackers. This paper examines the known state-of-the-art security and dependability measures based on a detailed and systematic analysis of published cyber attacks on automotive software systems. The sobering result of the analysis of the cyber attacks with the model-based technique SAM (Security Abstraction Model) and a categorization of the examined attacks in relation to the known security and dependability measures is that most countermeasures against cyber attacks are hardly effective. They either are not applicable to the underlying problem or take effect too late; the intruder has already gained access to a substantial part of the vehicle when the countermeasures apply. The paper is thus contributing to an understanding of the gaps that exist today in the area of vehicle security and dependability and concludes concrete research challenges.}, author = {Zoppelt, Markus and Kolagari, Ramin Tavakoli}, booktitle = {IMBSA}, crossref = {conf/imbsa/2019}, editor = {Papadopoulos, Yiannis and Aslansefat, Koorosh and Katsaros, Panagiotis and Bozzano, Marco}, keywords = {MZop}, pages = {270-285}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {What Today's Serious Cyber Attacks on Cars Tell Us: Consequences for Automotive Security and Dependability.}, volume = 11842, year = 2019 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 conf/imbsa/ZoppeltK19 %A Zoppelt, Markus %A Kolagari, Ramin Tavakoli %B IMBSA %D 2019 %E Papadopoulos, Yiannis %E Aslansefat, Koorosh %E Katsaros, Panagiotis %E Bozzano, Marco %I Springer %P 270-285 %T What Today's Serious Cyber Attacks on Cars Tell Us: Consequences for Automotive Security and Dependability. %U https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-32872-6_18 %V 11842 %X Highly connected with the environment via various interfaces, cars have been the focus of malicious cyber attacks for years. These attacks are becoming an increasing burden for a society with growing vehicle autonomization: they are the sword of Damocles of future mobility. Therefore, research is particularly active in the area of vehicle IT security, and in part also in the area of dependability, in order to develop effective countermeasures and to maintain a minimum of one step ahead of hackers. This paper examines the known state-of-the-art security and dependability measures based on a detailed and systematic analysis of published cyber attacks on automotive software systems. The sobering result of the analysis of the cyber attacks with the model-based technique SAM (Security Abstraction Model) and a categorization of the examined attacks in relation to the known security and dependability measures is that most countermeasures against cyber attacks are hardly effective. They either are not applicable to the underlying problem or take effect too late; the intruder has already gained access to a substantial part of the vehicle when the countermeasures apply. The paper is thus contributing to an understanding of the gaps that exist today in the area of vehicle security and dependability and concludes concrete research challenges. %@ 978-3-030-32872-6
Network Scanning and Mapping for IIoT Edge Node Device Security. Niedermaier, Matthias; Fischer, Florian; Merli, Dominik; Sigl, Georg. In Computing Research Repository CoRR, abs/1910.07622. 2019.
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- [ EndNote ]
@article{journals/corr/abs-1910-07622, author = {Niedermaier, Matthias and Fischer, Florian and Merli, Dominik and Sigl, Georg}, journal = {Computing Research Repository CoRR}, keywords = {MNie}, title = {Network Scanning and Mapping for IIoT Edge Node Device Security.}, volume = {abs/1910.07622}, year = 2019 }

%0 Journal Article %1 journals/corr/abs-1910-07622 %A Niedermaier, Matthias %A Fischer, Florian %A Merli, Dominik %A Sigl, Georg %D 2019 %J Computing Research Repository CoRR %T Network Scanning and Mapping for IIoT Edge Node Device Security. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/corr/corr1910.html#abs-1910-07622 %V abs/1910.07622
Informationssicherheit und Datenschutz an Hochschulen organisieren. Weber, Kristin; Saueressig, Gabriel; Schütz, Andreas. In Angewandte Forschung in der Wirtschaftsinformatik. 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Für Aufgaben zur Sicherheit von Informationen und zum Schutz von Daten müssen an Hoch-schulen passende Organisationsstrukturen geschaffen werden. Hochschulen haben durch die Freiheit von Forschung und Lehre einerseits und durch einen gesetzlich streng geregelten Verwaltungsbetrieb andererseits spezielle Herausforderungen in der Organisationsgestal-tung. Auf Basis des BSI-Standards 200-2 zeigt der Beitrag eine Organisationsstruktur für In-formationssicherheits-und Datenschutzmanagement, die an einer bayerischen Hochschule entwickelt wurde. Die Organisationsstruktur definiert Rollen und Gremien auf drei Ebenen (strategisch, taktisch, operativ) und unterscheidet zentrale und dezentrale Verantwortlichkei-ten. Die Struktur deckt den hohen Koordinationsbedarf, berücksichtigt die Diskussionskultur und gewährleistet die Partizipation aller Hochschulangehörigen

@article{weber2019informationssicherheit, abstract = {Für Aufgaben zur Sicherheit von Informationen und zum Schutz von Daten müssen an Hoch-schulen passende Organisationsstrukturen geschaffen werden. Hochschulen haben durch die Freiheit von Forschung und Lehre einerseits und durch einen gesetzlich streng geregelten Verwaltungsbetrieb andererseits spezielle Herausforderungen in der Organisationsgestal-tung. Auf Basis des BSI-Standards 200-2 zeigt der Beitrag eine Organisationsstruktur für In-formationssicherheits-und Datenschutzmanagement, die an einer bayerischen Hochschule entwickelt wurde. Die Organisationsstruktur definiert Rollen und Gremien auf drei Ebenen (strategisch, taktisch, operativ) und unterscheidet zentrale und dezentrale Verantwortlichkei-ten. Die Struktur deckt den hohen Koordinationsbedarf, berücksichtigt die Diskussionskultur und gewährleistet die Partizipation aller Hochschulangehörigen}, author = {Weber, Kristin and Saueressig, Gabriel and Schütz, Andreas}, journal = {Angewandte Forschung in der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, keywords = {aschü}, title = {Informationssicherheit und Datenschutz an Hochschulen organisieren}, year = 2019 }

%0 Journal Article %1 weber2019informationssicherheit %A Weber, Kristin %A Saueressig, Gabriel %A Schütz, Andreas %D 2019 %J Angewandte Forschung in der Wirtschaftsinformatik %T Informationssicherheit und Datenschutz an Hochschulen organisieren %U https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kristin_Weber3/publication/335910772_Informationssicherheit_und_Datenschutz_an_Hochschulen_organisieren/links/5d834821458515cbd1985eb3/Informationssicherheit-und-Datenschutz-an-Hochschulen-organisieren.pdf %X Für Aufgaben zur Sicherheit von Informationen und zum Schutz von Daten müssen an Hoch-schulen passende Organisationsstrukturen geschaffen werden. Hochschulen haben durch die Freiheit von Forschung und Lehre einerseits und durch einen gesetzlich streng geregelten Verwaltungsbetrieb andererseits spezielle Herausforderungen in der Organisationsgestal-tung. Auf Basis des BSI-Standards 200-2 zeigt der Beitrag eine Organisationsstruktur für In-formationssicherheits-und Datenschutzmanagement, die an einer bayerischen Hochschule entwickelt wurde. Die Organisationsstruktur definiert Rollen und Gremien auf drei Ebenen (strategisch, taktisch, operativ) und unterscheidet zentrale und dezentrale Verantwortlichkei-ten. Die Struktur deckt den hohen Koordinationsbedarf, berücksichtigt die Diskussionskultur und gewährleistet die Partizipation aller Hochschulangehörigen
How E-Learning can Faciliate Information Security Awareness. Schütz, Andreas; Tobias, Fertig; Kristin, Weber; Nicholas, Müller. In Learning and Collaboration Technologies. Springer International Publishing, 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Users of information systems are increasingly being attacked and exploited by cyber criminals. Information Security Awareness addresses how users can be convinced to behave compliantly to a company’s information security policies. This paper explores the potential of e-Learning as a tool to increase the information security awareness of users. The factors that ultimately lead to information security-compliant behavior are the factors knowledge, habit, salience, and behavioral intent. By looking at the peculiarities of e-Learning, the chances and limitations of influencing these factors are examined exploratory. The basis for this is Bloom’s Taxonomy from learning theory. The paper shows that e-Learning can help influencing knowledge and habit of a person. The salience and intention of a person, however, can only be influenced in combination with other factors. Especially with affective emotions and beliefs, e-Learning can also have negative effects. The paper also gives an outlook on how further quantitative research could help to ultimately shape effective e-Learning courses.

@article{schutz2019elearning, abstract = {Users of information systems are increasingly being attacked and exploited by cyber criminals. Information Security Awareness addresses how users can be convinced to behave compliantly to a company’s information security policies. This paper explores the potential of e-Learning as a tool to increase the information security awareness of users. The factors that ultimately lead to information security-compliant behavior are the factors knowledge, habit, salience, and behavioral intent. By looking at the peculiarities of e-Learning, the chances and limitations of influencing these factors are examined exploratory. The basis for this is Bloom’s Taxonomy from learning theory. The paper shows that e-Learning can help influencing knowledge and habit of a person. The salience and intention of a person, however, can only be influenced in combination with other factors. Especially with affective emotions and beliefs, e-Learning can also have negative effects. The paper also gives an outlook on how further quantitative research could help to ultimately shape effective e-Learning courses.}, author = {Schütz, Andreas and Tobias, Fertig and Kristin, Weber and Nicholas, Müller}, booktitle = {Learning and Collaboration Technologies}, keywords = {aschü}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, title = {How E-Learning can Faciliate Information Security Awareness.}, year = 2019 }

%0 Journal Article %1 schutz2019elearning %A Schütz, Andreas %A Tobias, Fertig %A Kristin, Weber %A Nicholas, Müller %B Learning and Collaboration Technologies %D 2019 %I Springer International Publishing %T How E-Learning can Faciliate Information Security Awareness. %X Users of information systems are increasingly being attacked and exploited by cyber criminals. Information Security Awareness addresses how users can be convinced to behave compliantly to a company’s information security policies. This paper explores the potential of e-Learning as a tool to increase the information security awareness of users. The factors that ultimately lead to information security-compliant behavior are the factors knowledge, habit, salience, and behavioral intent. By looking at the peculiarities of e-Learning, the chances and limitations of influencing these factors are examined exploratory. The basis for this is Bloom’s Taxonomy from learning theory. The paper shows that e-Learning can help influencing knowledge and habit of a person. The salience and intention of a person, however, can only be influenced in combination with other factors. Especially with affective emotions and beliefs, e-Learning can also have negative effects. The paper also gives an outlook on how further quantitative research could help to ultimately shape effective e-Learning courses.
Artifact reduction in X-ray computed tomography by multipositional data fusion using local image quality measures. Herl, Gabriel; Hiller, Jochen; Sauer, Tomas. In Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography, Padova, Italy (iCT 2019). 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Abstract Metal artifacts are still a major problem in X-ray industrial computed tomography. In order to reduce metal artifacts and increase the image quality of X-ray CT-scans, we suggest using projection data from multiple scans with differently positioned object orientations. We present two different approaches for multipositional CT, which are especially effective for multimaterial objects with high absorbing metal parts. On one hand, we reconstruct the different scans separatly, estimate the local quality of the resulting volumes and then fuse these volumes to an optimized volume. On the other hand, we introduce smART (shrinking merged Algebraic Reconstruction Technique) and merge sinograms of different scans, estimate the reliability of each projection pixel and then reconstruct the merged sinogram with an adapted SART reconstruction method. We demonstrate our approaches on simulations and on measurement data and are able to show a significant reduction of image artifacts qualitatively and quantitatively with the help of dimensional measurement results.

@inproceedings{noauthororeditor, abstract = {Abstract Metal artifacts are still a major problem in X-ray industrial computed tomography. In order to reduce metal artifacts and increase the image quality of X-ray CT-scans, we suggest using projection data from multiple scans with differently positioned object orientations. We present two different approaches for multipositional CT, which are especially effective for multimaterial objects with high absorbing metal parts. On one hand, we reconstruct the different scans separatly, estimate the local quality of the resulting volumes and then fuse these volumes to an optimized volume. On the other hand, we introduce smART (shrinking merged Algebraic Reconstruction Technique) and merge sinograms of different scans, estimate the reliability of each projection pixel and then reconstruct the merged sinogram with an adapted SART reconstruction method. We demonstrate our approaches on simulations and on measurement data and are able to show a significant reduction of image artifacts qualitatively and quantitatively with the help of dimensional measurement results.}, author = {Herl, Gabriel and Hiller, Jochen and Sauer, Tomas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography, Padova, Italy (iCT 2019)}, keywords = {gher}, title = {Artifact reduction in X-ray computed tomography by multipositional data fusion using local image quality measures}, year = 2019 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 noauthororeditor %A Herl, Gabriel %A Hiller, Jochen %A Sauer, Tomas %B Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography, Padova, Italy (iCT 2019) %D 2019 %T Artifact reduction in X-ray computed tomography by multipositional data fusion using local image quality measures %X Abstract Metal artifacts are still a major problem in X-ray industrial computed tomography. In order to reduce metal artifacts and increase the image quality of X-ray CT-scans, we suggest using projection data from multiple scans with differently positioned object orientations. We present two different approaches for multipositional CT, which are especially effective for multimaterial objects with high absorbing metal parts. On one hand, we reconstruct the different scans separatly, estimate the local quality of the resulting volumes and then fuse these volumes to an optimized volume. On the other hand, we introduce smART (shrinking merged Algebraic Reconstruction Technique) and merge sinograms of different scans, estimate the reliability of each projection pixel and then reconstruct the merged sinogram with an adapted SART reconstruction method. We demonstrate our approaches on simulations and on measurement data and are able to show a significant reduction of image artifacts qualitatively and quantitatively with the help of dimensional measurement results.
Level Graph - Incremental Procedural Generation of Indoor Levels using Minimum Spanning Trees. von Rymon Lipinski, Bartosz; Seibt, Simon; Roth, Johannes; Abé, Dominik. In CoG, pp. 1–7. IEEE, 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Procedural generation of virtual worlds is an important aspect of game development since decades, typically for increasing replayability or for speeding up the level creation process. However, the utilization of this potential has always been a great challenge due to the difficult controllability of the underlying algorithms or limitations to specific level geometries, like 2D regular structures. In this paper, we present a novel approach for semi-automatic generation of a wide variety of 2D/3D corridor and room systems. The underlying processing pipeline is based on a separation between a user-guided generation of a graph-based abstract level structure and a fully-automatic construction of the corresponding geometry using a pre-modeled component library. The core algorithm is built on the computation of an extended minimal spanning tree, which can be controlled by a set of intuitive vertex and edge parameters. First experimental results have shown that our incremental generation pipeline allows the efficient creation of complex indoor levels, minimizing limitations on level and game designers' creativity.

@inproceedings{conf/cig/LipinskiSRA19, abstract = {Procedural generation of virtual worlds is an important aspect of game development since decades, typically for increasing replayability or for speeding up the level creation process. However, the utilization of this potential has always been a great challenge due to the difficult controllability of the underlying algorithms or limitations to specific level geometries, like 2D regular structures. In this paper, we present a novel approach for semi-automatic generation of a wide variety of 2D/3D corridor and room systems. The underlying processing pipeline is based on a separation between a user-guided generation of a graph-based abstract level structure and a fully-automatic construction of the corresponding geometry using a pre-modeled component library. The core algorithm is built on the computation of an extended minimal spanning tree, which can be controlled by a set of intuitive vertex and edge parameters. First experimental results have shown that our incremental generation pipeline allows the efficient creation of complex indoor levels, minimizing limitations on level and game designers' creativity.}, author = {von Rymon Lipinski, Bartosz and Seibt, Simon and Roth, Johannes and Abé, Dominik}, booktitle = {CoG}, crossref = {conf/cig/2019}, keywords = {ssei}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Level Graph - Incremental Procedural Generation of Indoor Levels using Minimum Spanning Trees.}, year = 2019 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 conf/cig/LipinskiSRA19 %A von Rymon Lipinski, Bartosz %A Seibt, Simon %A Roth, Johannes %A Abé, Dominik %B CoG %D 2019 %I IEEE %P 1-7 %T Level Graph - Incremental Procedural Generation of Indoor Levels using Minimum Spanning Trees. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/cig/cog2019.html#LipinskiSRA19 %X Procedural generation of virtual worlds is an important aspect of game development since decades, typically for increasing replayability or for speeding up the level creation process. However, the utilization of this potential has always been a great challenge due to the difficult controllability of the underlying algorithms or limitations to specific level geometries, like 2D regular structures. In this paper, we present a novel approach for semi-automatic generation of a wide variety of 2D/3D corridor and room systems. The underlying processing pipeline is based on a separation between a user-guided generation of a graph-based abstract level structure and a fully-automatic construction of the corresponding geometry using a pre-modeled component library. The core algorithm is built on the computation of an extended minimal spanning tree, which can be controlled by a set of intuitive vertex and edge parameters. First experimental results have shown that our incremental generation pipeline allows the efficient creation of complex indoor levels, minimizing limitations on level and game designers' creativity. %@ 978-1-7281-1884-0
An Accurate Thermal Measurement Approach for Determining Fan Efficiencies Based on System Identification. aus der Wiesche, Stefan; Reinker, Felix; Wagner, Robert; Epple, Philipp; Fritsche, Manuel; Russwurm, Hans Jörg. In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
A novel thermal measurement approach is presented for the determination of fan efficiencies. This approach is not resting on a simple direct measurement of the occurring temperature difference but on a system identification based on the transient time signal of the involved temperature measurement device. The values of the system parameters can be identified after recording the transient response of the system to a step input, i. e. the fan is suddenly turned on. By means of a representative case study considering a centrifugal fan, the system identification and its relation to fan efficiency are presented. The outcome of the new thermal approach is compared with results of standardized fan performance tests and with results obtained by the direct temperature measurement method without system identification. It is shown that the direct temperature measurement provides typically poor data whereas the novel thermal approach leads to results which are well comparable with these obtained by standard performance test at the design point.

@inproceedings{ausderwiesche2019accurate, abstract = {A novel thermal measurement approach is presented for the determination of fan efficiencies. This approach is not resting on a simple direct measurement of the occurring temperature difference but on a system identification based on the transient time signal of the involved temperature measurement device. The values of the system parameters can be identified after recording the transient response of the system to a step input, i. e. the fan is suddenly turned on. By means of a representative case study considering a centrifugal fan, the system identification and its relation to fan efficiency are presented. The outcome of the new thermal approach is compared with results of standardized fan performance tests and with results obtained by the direct temperature measurement method without system identification. It is shown that the direct temperature measurement provides typically poor data whereas the novel thermal approach leads to results which are well comparable with these obtained by standard performance test at the design point.}, author = {aus der Wiesche, Stefan and Reinker, Felix and Wagner, Robert and Epple, Philipp and Fritsche, Manuel and Russwurm, Hans Jörg}, booktitle = {ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference}, keywords = {mf}, title = {An Accurate Thermal Measurement Approach for Determining Fan Efficiencies Based on System Identification}, year = 2019 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 ausderwiesche2019accurate %A aus der Wiesche, Stefan %A Reinker, Felix %A Wagner, Robert %A Epple, Philipp %A Fritsche, Manuel %A Russwurm, Hans Jörg %B ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference %D 2019 %T An Accurate Thermal Measurement Approach for Determining Fan Efficiencies Based on System Identification %U https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/FEDSM/proceedings-abstract/AJKFluids2019/59049/V03AT03A014/1069240 %X A novel thermal measurement approach is presented for the determination of fan efficiencies. This approach is not resting on a simple direct measurement of the occurring temperature difference but on a system identification based on the transient time signal of the involved temperature measurement device. The values of the system parameters can be identified after recording the transient response of the system to a step input, i. e. the fan is suddenly turned on. By means of a representative case study considering a centrifugal fan, the system identification and its relation to fan efficiency are presented. The outcome of the new thermal approach is compared with results of standardized fan performance tests and with results obtained by the direct temperature measurement method without system identification. It is shown that the direct temperature measurement provides typically poor data whereas the novel thermal approach leads to results which are well comparable with these obtained by standard performance test at the design point.
UnCle SAM : Modeling Cloud Attacks with the Automotive Security Abstraction Model. In CLOUD COMPUTING 2019. Zoppelt, Markus; Tavakoli Kolagari, Ramin. In CLOUD COMPUTING 2019, The Tenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, At Venice, Italy. 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Driverless (autonomous) vehicles will have greater attack potential than any other individual mobility vehicles ever before. Most intelligent vehicles require communication interfaces to the environment, direct connections (e.g., Vehicle-to-X (V2X)) to an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) backend service or a cloud. By connecting to the Internet, which is not only necessary for the infotainment systems, cars could increasingly turn into targets for malware or botnet attacks. Remote control via the Internet by a remote attacker is also conceivable, as has already been impressively demonstrated. This paper examines security modeling for cloud-based remote attacks on autonomous vehicles using a Security Abstraction Model (SAM) for automotive software systems). SAM adds to the early phases of (automotive) software architecture development by explicitly documenting attacks and handling them with security techniques. SAM also provides the basis for comprehensive security analysis techniques, such as the already available Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) or any other attack assessment system.

@inproceedings{zoppelt2019uncle, abstract = {Driverless (autonomous) vehicles will have greater attack potential than any other individual mobility vehicles ever before. Most intelligent vehicles require communication interfaces to the environment, direct connections (e.g., Vehicle-to-X (V2X)) to an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) backend service or a cloud. By connecting to the Internet, which is not only necessary for the infotainment systems, cars could increasingly turn into targets for malware or botnet attacks. Remote control via the Internet by a remote attacker is also conceivable, as has already been impressively demonstrated. This paper examines security modeling for cloud-based remote attacks on autonomous vehicles using a Security Abstraction Model (SAM) for automotive software systems). SAM adds to the early phases of (automotive) software architecture development by explicitly documenting attacks and handling them with security techniques. SAM also provides the basis for comprehensive security analysis techniques, such as the already available Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) or any other attack assessment system.}, author = {Zoppelt, Markus and Tavakoli Kolagari, Ramin}, booktitle = {CLOUD COMPUTING 2019, The Tenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, At Venice, Italy}, keywords = {MZop}, title = {UnCle SAM : Modeling Cloud Attacks with the Automotive Security Abstraction Model. In CLOUD COMPUTING 2019}, year = 2019 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 zoppelt2019uncle %A Zoppelt, Markus %A Tavakoli Kolagari, Ramin %B CLOUD COMPUTING 2019, The Tenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, At Venice, Italy %D 2019 %T UnCle SAM : Modeling Cloud Attacks with the Automotive Security Abstraction Model. In CLOUD COMPUTING 2019 %X Driverless (autonomous) vehicles will have greater attack potential than any other individual mobility vehicles ever before. Most intelligent vehicles require communication interfaces to the environment, direct connections (e.g., Vehicle-to-X (V2X)) to an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) backend service or a cloud. By connecting to the Internet, which is not only necessary for the infotainment systems, cars could increasingly turn into targets for malware or botnet attacks. Remote control via the Internet by a remote attacker is also conceivable, as has already been impressively demonstrated. This paper examines security modeling for cloud-based remote attacks on autonomous vehicles using a Security Abstraction Model (SAM) for automotive software systems). SAM adds to the early phases of (automotive) software architecture development by explicitly documenting attacks and handling them with security techniques. SAM also provides the basis for comprehensive security analysis techniques, such as the already available Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) or any other attack assessment system.
CFD-Simulation of Centrifugal Fan Performance Characteristics Using Ideal and Real Gas Models for Air and Organic Fluids. Fritsche, Manuel; Epple, Philipp; Hasselmann, Karsten; Reinker, Felix; Wagner, Robert; aus der Wiesche, Stefan; Russwurm, Hans. In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Efficient processes with organic fluids are becoming increasingly important. The high tech fluid Novec™ is such an organic fluid and is used, for example, as a coolant for highperformance electronics, low-temperature heat transfer applications, cooling of automotive batteries, just to mention a few. Thus, efficient designed fans for the transport of organic fluids are becoming more and more important in the process engineering. CFD-simulations are nowadays integral part of the design and optimization process of fans. For air at the most usual application conditions, i.e. no extreme temperatures or pressures, the ideal gas model is in good agreement with the real gas approach. In the present study, this real gas approach for organic fluids have been investigated with CFD methods and, the deviation from the ideal gas model has been analyzed. For this purpose, a simulation model of a centrifugal fan with volute has been designed as a test case. First, the ideal gas model approach has been compared with the real gas approach model of Peng-Robinson for air using the commercial solver ANSYS CFX. Thereafter, the same comparison has been performed using the organic fluid Novec™. After a detailed grid study, the entire fan characteristics, i.e. the design point and the off-design points, have been simulated and evaluated for each fluid (air and Novec™) and gas model (ideal gas and Peng-Robinson real gas). The steady state simulations of the centrifugal fan have been performed using the Frozen Rotor model. The simulation results have been compared, discussed and presented in detail.

@inproceedings{fritsche2019cfdsimulation, abstract = {Efficient processes with organic fluids are becoming increasingly important. The high tech fluid Novec™ is such an organic fluid and is used, for example, as a coolant for highperformance electronics, low-temperature heat transfer applications, cooling of automotive batteries, just to mention a few. Thus, efficient designed fans for the transport of organic fluids are becoming more and more important in the process engineering. CFD-simulations are nowadays integral part of the design and optimization process of fans. For air at the most usual application conditions, i.e. no extreme temperatures or pressures, the ideal gas model is in good agreement with the real gas approach. In the present study, this real gas approach for organic fluids have been investigated with CFD methods and, the deviation from the ideal gas model has been analyzed. For this purpose, a simulation model of a centrifugal fan with volute has been designed as a test case. First, the ideal gas model approach has been compared with the real gas approach model of Peng-Robinson for air using the commercial solver ANSYS CFX. Thereafter, the same comparison has been performed using the organic fluid Novec™. After a detailed grid study, the entire fan characteristics, i.e. the design point and the off-design points, have been simulated and evaluated for each fluid (air and Novec™) and gas model (ideal gas and Peng-Robinson real gas). The steady state simulations of the centrifugal fan have been performed using the Frozen Rotor model. The simulation results have been compared, discussed and presented in detail.}, author = {Fritsche, Manuel and Epple, Philipp and Hasselmann, Karsten and Reinker, Felix and Wagner, Robert and aus der Wiesche, Stefan and Russwurm, Hans}, booktitle = {ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference}, keywords = {fm}, title = {CFD-Simulation of Centrifugal Fan Performance Characteristics Using Ideal and Real Gas Models for Air and Organic Fluids}, year = 2019 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 fritsche2019cfdsimulation %A Fritsche, Manuel %A Epple, Philipp %A Hasselmann, Karsten %A Reinker, Felix %A Wagner, Robert %A aus der Wiesche, Stefan %A Russwurm, Hans %B ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference %D 2019 %T CFD-Simulation of Centrifugal Fan Performance Characteristics Using Ideal and Real Gas Models for Air and Organic Fluids %U https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/FEDSM/proceedings-abstract/AJKFluids2019/59049/V03AT03A020/1069244 %X Efficient processes with organic fluids are becoming increasingly important. The high tech fluid Novec™ is such an organic fluid and is used, for example, as a coolant for highperformance electronics, low-temperature heat transfer applications, cooling of automotive batteries, just to mention a few. Thus, efficient designed fans for the transport of organic fluids are becoming more and more important in the process engineering. CFD-simulations are nowadays integral part of the design and optimization process of fans. For air at the most usual application conditions, i.e. no extreme temperatures or pressures, the ideal gas model is in good agreement with the real gas approach. In the present study, this real gas approach for organic fluids have been investigated with CFD methods and, the deviation from the ideal gas model has been analyzed. For this purpose, a simulation model of a centrifugal fan with volute has been designed as a test case. First, the ideal gas model approach has been compared with the real gas approach model of Peng-Robinson for air using the commercial solver ANSYS CFX. Thereafter, the same comparison has been performed using the organic fluid Novec™. After a detailed grid study, the entire fan characteristics, i.e. the design point and the off-design points, have been simulated and evaluated for each fluid (air and Novec™) and gas model (ideal gas and Peng-Robinson real gas). The steady state simulations of the centrifugal fan have been performed using the Frozen Rotor model. The simulation results have been compared, discussed and presented in detail.
A new method for solving the height problem in deflectometry. Liang, Hanning; Zimmermann, Alexander; Reiner, Kickingereder; Christian, Faber. In Proceedings Applied Optical Metrology III, Vol. 11102. 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Phase-measuring deflectometry (PMD) is an established measurement method for determining the topography of specular free-form surfaces. However, since each camera pixel only contains information about the location of the observed screen point, but not about the incident ray direction, the surface slope cannot be determined unambiguously without prior knowledge of the height. In order to overcome this difficulty (known as the ”height problem” of PMD), several cameras with overlapping fields of view are often used. This, however, requires a very large screen and additional installation space in order to ensure sufficiently diverse viewing directions within the overlap region. Other solutions, such as multiple measurements with shifted screen positions or the use of additional measuring equipment to determine the object position, also have considerable drawbacks due to the longer measurement time and the greater calibration effort. A new method is presented which avoids these disadvantages.

@inproceedings{liang2019method, abstract = {Phase-measuring deflectometry (PMD) is an established measurement method for determining the topography of specular free-form surfaces. However, since each camera pixel only contains information about the location of the observed screen point, but not about the incident ray direction, the surface slope cannot be determined unambiguously without prior knowledge of the height. In order to overcome this difficulty (known as the ”height problem” of PMD), several cameras with overlapping fields of view are often used. This, however, requires a very large screen and additional installation space in order to ensure sufficiently diverse viewing directions within the overlap region. Other solutions, such as multiple measurements with shifted screen positions or the use of additional measuring equipment to determine the object position, also have considerable drawbacks due to the longer measurement time and the greater calibration effort. A new method is presented which avoids these disadvantages.}, author = {Liang, Hanning and Zimmermann, Alexander and Reiner, Kickingereder and Christian, Faber}, booktitle = {Proceedings Applied Optical Metrology III}, keywords = {HanL}, title = {A new method for solving the height problem in deflectometry}, volume = 11102, year = 2019 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 liang2019method %A Liang, Hanning %A Zimmermann, Alexander %A Reiner, Kickingereder %A Christian, Faber %B Proceedings Applied Optical Metrology III %D 2019 %T A new method for solving the height problem in deflectometry %U https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/11102/2527747/A-new-method-for-solving-the-height-problem-in-deflectometry/10.1117/12.2527747.short %V 11102 %X Phase-measuring deflectometry (PMD) is an established measurement method for determining the topography of specular free-form surfaces. However, since each camera pixel only contains information about the location of the observed screen point, but not about the incident ray direction, the surface slope cannot be determined unambiguously without prior knowledge of the height. In order to overcome this difficulty (known as the ”height problem” of PMD), several cameras with overlapping fields of view are often used. This, however, requires a very large screen and additional installation space in order to ensure sufficiently diverse viewing directions within the overlap region. Other solutions, such as multiple measurements with shifted screen positions or the use of additional measuring equipment to determine the object position, also have considerable drawbacks due to the longer measurement time and the greater calibration effort. A new method is presented which avoids these disadvantages.
Efficient Intrusion Detection on Low-Performance Industrial IoT Edge Node Devices. Niedermaier, Matthias; Striegel, Martin; Sauer, Felix; Merli, Dominik; Sigl, Georg. In Computing Research Repository CoRR, abs/1908.03964. 2019.
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
@article{journals/corr/abs-1908-03964, author = {Niedermaier, Matthias and Striegel, Martin and Sauer, Felix and Merli, Dominik and Sigl, Georg}, journal = {Computing Research Repository CoRR}, keywords = {MNie}, title = {Efficient Intrusion Detection on Low-Performance Industrial IoT Edge Node Devices.}, volume = {abs/1908.03964}, year = 2019 }

%0 Journal Article %1 journals/corr/abs-1908-03964 %A Niedermaier, Matthias %A Striegel, Martin %A Sauer, Felix %A Merli, Dominik %A Sigl, Georg %D 2019 %J Computing Research Repository CoRR %T Efficient Intrusion Detection on Low-Performance Industrial IoT Edge Node Devices. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/corr/corr1908.html#abs-1908-03964 %V abs/1908.03964
Measuring the Impact of E-Learning Platforms on Information Security Awareness. Fertig, Tobias; Schütz, Andreas E.; Weber, Kristin; Müller, Nicholas H. In HCI (25), Vol. 11590 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, P. Zaphiris, A. Ioannou (eds.), pp. 26–37. Springer, 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Humans play a central role in information security. The behavior of workers at their workplace affects the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive corporate information. In addition, attackers exploit the “human factor” as a weak point with techniques such as phishing, malware, and social engineering. Exploiting the lack of awareness is often an easy task with minimal risk. To make employees aware of their important role, companies typically carry out security awareness campaigns. Our university created an e-Learning Platform (eLP) to support our awareness campaigns. In order to determine the success, the effectiveness and the impact of such an awareness campaign, suitable measurement methods are needed. A common approach to measure the success of eLPs is to run surveys and questionnaires with the learners. Since the manual evaluation of those surveys and questionnaires is a time-consuming task, we are researching how a possible automation can be achieved. Moreover, the effectiveness is often evaluated through quizzes or knowledge tests. Since knowledge by itself does not improve the behavior of people, the compliant-behavior has to be measured, too. We derived metrics for success and effectiveness but recognized that success can hardly be measured automatically. To reduce the manual effort we decided to only measure the effectiveness automatically. Therefore, we are measuring the behavior and determine if the security-compliance has increased.

@inproceedings{conf/hci/FertigSWM19, abstract = {Humans play a central role in information security. The behavior of workers at their workplace affects the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive corporate information. In addition, attackers exploit the “human factor” as a weak point with techniques such as phishing, malware, and social engineering. Exploiting the lack of awareness is often an easy task with minimal risk. To make employees aware of their important role, companies typically carry out security awareness campaigns. Our university created an e-Learning Platform (eLP) to support our awareness campaigns. In order to determine the success, the effectiveness and the impact of such an awareness campaign, suitable measurement methods are needed. A common approach to measure the success of eLPs is to run surveys and questionnaires with the learners. Since the manual evaluation of those surveys and questionnaires is a time-consuming task, we are researching how a possible automation can be achieved. Moreover, the effectiveness is often evaluated through quizzes or knowledge tests. Since knowledge by itself does not improve the behavior of people, the compliant-behavior has to be measured, too. We derived metrics for success and effectiveness but recognized that success can hardly be measured automatically. To reduce the manual effort we decided to only measure the effectiveness automatically. Therefore, we are measuring the behavior and determine if the security-compliance has increased.}, author = {Fertig, Tobias and Schütz, Andreas E. and Weber, Kristin and Müller, Nicholas H.}, booktitle = {HCI (25)}, crossref = {conf/hci/2019-25}, editor = {Zaphiris, Panayiotis and Ioannou, Andri}, keywords = {tfer}, pages = {26-37}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {Measuring the Impact of E-Learning Platforms on Information Security Awareness.}, volume = 11590, year = 2019 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 conf/hci/FertigSWM19 %A Fertig, Tobias %A Schütz, Andreas E. %A Weber, Kristin %A Müller, Nicholas H. %B HCI (25) %D 2019 %E Zaphiris, Panayiotis %E Ioannou, Andri %I Springer %P 26-37 %T Measuring the Impact of E-Learning Platforms on Information Security Awareness. %U https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-21814-0_3 %V 11590 %X Humans play a central role in information security. The behavior of workers at their workplace affects the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive corporate information. In addition, attackers exploit the “human factor” as a weak point with techniques such as phishing, malware, and social engineering. Exploiting the lack of awareness is often an easy task with minimal risk. To make employees aware of their important role, companies typically carry out security awareness campaigns. Our university created an e-Learning Platform (eLP) to support our awareness campaigns. In order to determine the success, the effectiveness and the impact of such an awareness campaign, suitable measurement methods are needed. A common approach to measure the success of eLPs is to run surveys and questionnaires with the learners. Since the manual evaluation of those surveys and questionnaires is a time-consuming task, we are researching how a possible automation can be achieved. Moreover, the effectiveness is often evaluated through quizzes or knowledge tests. Since knowledge by itself does not improve the behavior of people, the compliant-behavior has to be measured, too. We derived metrics for success and effectiveness but recognized that success can hardly be measured automatically. To reduce the manual effort we decided to only measure the effectiveness automatically. Therefore, we are measuring the behavior and determine if the security-compliance has increased. %@ 978-3-030-21814-0
Eine neue Methode zur Lösung des Höhenproblems in der Deflektometrie. Liang, Hanning; Zimmermann, Alexander; Kickingereder, Reiner; Faber, Christian. In Deutsche Gesellschaft für angewandte Optik e.V. 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Phasenmessende Deflektometrie (PMD) ist ein etabliertes Messverfahren zur Bestimmung der Topographie spiegelnder Freiformflächen. Dabei wird ein bekanntes sinusförmiges Muster auf einem kalibrierten Bildschirm angezeigt. Dieses wird von der Objektoberfläche reflektiert und von einer kalibrierten Kamera aufgenommen. Die lokale Neigung der Oberfläche wird durch Strahlverfolgung ausgewertet. Da jedoch in jedem Kamerapixel nur Information über den Ort des beobachteten Schirmpunkts, nicht aber über dessen Abstrahlrichtung vorliegt, kann die Neigung ohne eine bekannte Höhe nicht eindeutig bestimmt werden. Um diese als „Höhenproblem“ der PMD bekannte Schwierigkeit zu überwinden, werden häufig mehrere Kameras mit überlappenden Bildfeldern verwendet. Dies ist jedoch apparativ aufwendig und nimmt einen großen Bauraum in Anspruch. Auch andere Lösungen wie z.B. die mehrfache Messung bei verschobenen Schirmpositionen oder die Verwendung zusätzlicher Messeinrichtungen zur Bestimmung der Objektlage wirken sich aufgrund der längeren Messzeit und des größeren Kalibrieraufwands nachteilig auf die Performance aus. Es wird ein neues Verfahren vorgestellt, welches obige Nachteile vermeidet.

@inproceedings{noauthororeditor2019methode, abstract = {Phasenmessende Deflektometrie (PMD) ist ein etabliertes Messverfahren zur Bestimmung der Topographie spiegelnder Freiformflächen. Dabei wird ein bekanntes sinusförmiges Muster auf einem kalibrierten Bildschirm angezeigt. Dieses wird von der Objektoberfläche reflektiert und von einer kalibrierten Kamera aufgenommen. Die lokale Neigung der Oberfläche wird durch Strahlverfolgung ausgewertet. Da jedoch in jedem Kamerapixel nur Information über den Ort des beobachteten Schirmpunkts, nicht aber über dessen Abstrahlrichtung vorliegt, kann die Neigung ohne eine bekannte Höhe nicht eindeutig bestimmt werden. Um diese als „Höhenproblem“ der PMD bekannte Schwierigkeit zu überwinden, werden häufig mehrere Kameras mit überlappenden Bildfeldern verwendet. Dies ist jedoch apparativ aufwendig und nimmt einen großen Bauraum in Anspruch. Auch andere Lösungen wie z.B. die mehrfache Messung bei verschobenen Schirmpositionen oder die Verwendung zusätzlicher Messeinrichtungen zur Bestimmung der Objektlage wirken sich aufgrund der längeren Messzeit und des größeren Kalibrieraufwands nachteilig auf die Performance aus. Es wird ein neues Verfahren vorgestellt, welches obige Nachteile vermeidet.}, author = {Liang, Hanning and Zimmermann, Alexander and Kickingereder, Reiner and Faber, Christian}, journal = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für angewandte Optik e.V.}, keywords = {HanL}, title = {Eine neue Methode zur Lösung des Höhenproblems in der Deflektometrie}, year = 2019 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 noauthororeditor2019methode %A Liang, Hanning %A Zimmermann, Alexander %A Kickingereder, Reiner %A Faber, Christian %D 2019 %J Deutsche Gesellschaft für angewandte Optik e.V. %T Eine neue Methode zur Lösung des Höhenproblems in der Deflektometrie %U https://www.dgao-proceedings.de/download/120/120_b14.pdf %X Phasenmessende Deflektometrie (PMD) ist ein etabliertes Messverfahren zur Bestimmung der Topographie spiegelnder Freiformflächen. Dabei wird ein bekanntes sinusförmiges Muster auf einem kalibrierten Bildschirm angezeigt. Dieses wird von der Objektoberfläche reflektiert und von einer kalibrierten Kamera aufgenommen. Die lokale Neigung der Oberfläche wird durch Strahlverfolgung ausgewertet. Da jedoch in jedem Kamerapixel nur Information über den Ort des beobachteten Schirmpunkts, nicht aber über dessen Abstrahlrichtung vorliegt, kann die Neigung ohne eine bekannte Höhe nicht eindeutig bestimmt werden. Um diese als „Höhenproblem“ der PMD bekannte Schwierigkeit zu überwinden, werden häufig mehrere Kameras mit überlappenden Bildfeldern verwendet. Dies ist jedoch apparativ aufwendig und nimmt einen großen Bauraum in Anspruch. Auch andere Lösungen wie z.B. die mehrfache Messung bei verschobenen Schirmpositionen oder die Verwendung zusätzlicher Messeinrichtungen zur Bestimmung der Objektlage wirken sich aufgrund der längeren Messzeit und des größeren Kalibrieraufwands nachteilig auf die Performance aus. Es wird ein neues Verfahren vorgestellt, welches obige Nachteile vermeidet.
Reduktion von Metallartefakten durch multipositionale Datenfusion in der industriellen Röntgen-Computertomographie. Herl, Gabriel; Hiller, Jochen; Kasperl, Stefan; Maier, Andreas. In de Gruyter, tm-Technisches Messen. 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Metal artifacts represent a major challenge for measuring with X-ray computed tomography. This paper presents a method for multipositional data fusion for the reduction of metal artifacts. For this purpose, several scans of the same object are performed with different object positioning, registered on each other and then reconstructed together using a local quality measure. The added value of the method is demonstrated in practical experiments. In particular, it is shown how plastic structures can be made visible despite strong metal artifacts with little effort and without prior knowledge, giving the method a unique selling point compared to existing metal artefact reduction methods.

@article{herl2019reduktion, abstract = {Metal artifacts represent a major challenge for measuring with X-ray computed tomography. This paper presents a method for multipositional data fusion for the reduction of metal artifacts. For this purpose, several scans of the same object are performed with different object positioning, registered on each other and then reconstructed together using a local quality measure. The added value of the method is demonstrated in practical experiments. In particular, it is shown how plastic structures can be made visible despite strong metal artifacts with little effort and without prior knowledge, giving the method a unique selling point compared to existing metal artefact reduction methods.}, author = {Herl, Gabriel and Hiller, Jochen and Kasperl, Stefan and Maier, Andreas}, journal = {de Gruyter, tm-Technisches Messen}, keywords = {gher}, title = {Reduktion von Metallartefakten durch multipositionale Datenfusion in der industriellen Röntgen-Computertomographie}, year = 2019 }

%0 Journal Article %1 herl2019reduktion %A Herl, Gabriel %A Hiller, Jochen %A Kasperl, Stefan %A Maier, Andreas %D 2019 %J de Gruyter, tm-Technisches Messen %T Reduktion von Metallartefakten durch multipositionale Datenfusion in der industriellen Röntgen-Computertomographie %U https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/teme.ahead-of-print/teme-2019-0137/teme-2019-0137.xml %X Metal artifacts represent a major challenge for measuring with X-ray computed tomography. This paper presents a method for multipositional data fusion for the reduction of metal artifacts. For this purpose, several scans of the same object are performed with different object positioning, registered on each other and then reconstructed together using a local quality measure. The added value of the method is demonstrated in practical experiments. In particular, it is shown how plastic structures can be made visible despite strong metal artifacts with little effort and without prior knowledge, giving the method a unique selling point compared to existing metal artefact reduction methods.
Signed Distance Based Reconstruction for Exploration and Change Detection in Underground Mining Disaster Prevention. Koch, Philipp; May, Stefan; Engelhardt, Helmut; Ziegler, Jasmin; Nüchter, Andreas. In SSRR, pp. 1–2. IEEE, 2019.
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{conf/ssrr/KochMEZN19, author = {Koch, Philipp and May, Stefan and Engelhardt, Helmut and Ziegler, Jasmin and Nüchter, Andreas}, booktitle = {SSRR}, crossref = {conf/ssrr/2019}, keywords = {phk}, pages = {1-2}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Signed Distance Based Reconstruction for Exploration and Change Detection in Underground Mining Disaster Prevention.}, year = 2019 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 conf/ssrr/KochMEZN19 %A Koch, Philipp %A May, Stefan %A Engelhardt, Helmut %A Ziegler, Jasmin %A Nüchter, Andreas %B SSRR %D 2019 %I IEEE %P 1-2 %T Signed Distance Based Reconstruction for Exploration and Change Detection in Underground Mining Disaster Prevention. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/ssrr/ssrr2019.html#KochMEZN19 %@ 978-1-7281-0778-3
How E-Learning Can Facilitate Information Security Awareness. Schütz, Andreas E.; Fertig, Tobias; Weber, Kristin; Müller, Nicholas H. In HCI (25), Vol. 11590 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, P. Zaphiris, A. Ioannou (eds.), pp. 390–401. Springer, 2019.
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
@inproceedings{conf/hci/SchutzFWM19, author = {Schütz, Andreas E. and Fertig, Tobias and Weber, Kristin and Müller, Nicholas H.}, booktitle = {HCI (25)}, crossref = {conf/hci/2019-25}, editor = {Zaphiris, Panayiotis and Ioannou, Andri}, keywords = {aschü}, pages = {390-401}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title = {How E-Learning Can Facilitate Information Security Awareness.}, volume = 11590, year = 2019 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 conf/hci/SchutzFWM19 %A Schütz, Andreas E. %A Fertig, Tobias %A Weber, Kristin %A Müller, Nicholas H. %B HCI (25) %D 2019 %E Zaphiris, Panayiotis %E Ioannou, Andri %I Springer %P 390-401 %T How E-Learning Can Facilitate Information Security Awareness. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/hci/hci2019-25.html#SchutzFWM19 %V 11590 %@ 978-3-030-21814-0
Investigating the Added Value of Combining Regression Results from Different Window Lengths. Kerscher, Stefan; Ludwig, Bernd; Müller, Nikolaus. In AIKE, pp. 128–135. IEEE, 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Predicting the motion of a dynamic object by using time series is highly dependent on the chosen window size. If we use a too short window length the prediction gets noisy and is strongly affected by measurement errors. Too large windows lead to an inert behavior. In this paper we want to analyze, if there is an added value of using regression results coming from different window sizes instead of one, for classifying the performed maneuver. For our investigation, we are using motion data from pedestrians, taken by a laser. Those trajectories are the basis for our regression predictions. From those predictions, we are calculating features, based on one regression result with one window size, or based on two results with different window sizes. In the next step, we analyze which features are more signiﬁcant for maneuver detection. The evaluation is done with feature selection methods like Principal Component Analysis or Extremely Randomized Trees. Additionally, we are training Neural Networks on features sets, stemming from regression results of one, ore two window sizes. On the outcome of those tests we can estimate the added value of two different regression window length. If features, which are using information from short- and longtime regression, are ranked better than features which are only based on one regression output we can conclude that there is an added value by using different window sizes.

@inproceedings{conf/aike/KerscherLM19, abstract = {Predicting the motion of a dynamic object by using time series is highly dependent on the chosen window size. If we use a too short window length the prediction gets noisy and is strongly affected by measurement errors. Too large windows lead to an inert behavior. In this paper we want to analyze, if there is an added value of using regression results coming from different window sizes instead of one, for classifying the performed maneuver. For our investigation, we are using motion data from pedestrians, taken by a laser. Those trajectories are the basis for our regression predictions. From those predictions, we are calculating features, based on one regression result with one window size, or based on two results with different window sizes. In the next step, we analyze which features are more signiﬁcant for maneuver detection. The evaluation is done with feature selection methods like Principal Component Analysis or Extremely Randomized Trees. Additionally, we are training Neural Networks on features sets, stemming from regression results of one, ore two window sizes. On the outcome of those tests we can estimate the added value of two different regression window length. If features, which are using information from short- and longtime regression, are ranked better than features which are only based on one regression output we can conclude that there is an added value by using different window sizes.}, author = {Kerscher, Stefan and Ludwig, Bernd and Müller, Nikolaus}, booktitle = {AIKE}, crossref = {conf/aike/2019}, keywords = {SKer}, pages = {128-135}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Investigating the Added Value of Combining Regression Results from Different Window Lengths.}, year = 2019 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 conf/aike/KerscherLM19 %A Kerscher, Stefan %A Ludwig, Bernd %A Müller, Nikolaus %B AIKE %D 2019 %I IEEE %P 128-135 %T Investigating the Added Value of Combining Regression Results from Different Window Lengths. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/aike/aike2019.html#KerscherLM19 %X Predicting the motion of a dynamic object by using time series is highly dependent on the chosen window size. If we use a too short window length the prediction gets noisy and is strongly affected by measurement errors. Too large windows lead to an inert behavior. In this paper we want to analyze, if there is an added value of using regression results coming from different window sizes instead of one, for classifying the performed maneuver. For our investigation, we are using motion data from pedestrians, taken by a laser. Those trajectories are the basis for our regression predictions. From those predictions, we are calculating features, based on one regression result with one window size, or based on two results with different window sizes. In the next step, we analyze which features are more signiﬁcant for maneuver detection. The evaluation is done with feature selection methods like Principal Component Analysis or Extremely Randomized Trees. Additionally, we are training Neural Networks on features sets, stemming from regression results of one, ore two window sizes. On the outcome of those tests we can estimate the added value of two different regression window length. If features, which are using information from short- and longtime regression, are ranked better than features which are only based on one regression output we can conclude that there is an added value by using different window sizes. %@ 978-1-7281-1488-0
Towards Human-readable Smart Contracts. Franz, Felix; Fertig, Tobias; Schütz, Andreas E.; Vu, Henry. In IEEE ICBC, pp. 38–42. IEEE, 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
In the late 90s the author Ian Grigg defined that smart contracts have to be human-readable like paper contracts while remaining processible by computer programs. The Ethereum Foundation has created a new programming language Solidity that can be used to implement smart contracts. However, the contracts are neither easy to implement nor easy-to-use by the common user. In order to enable users without programming skills to take advantage of the new technology, we propose a generator for smart contracts. Our prototype uses a configuration wizard to determine the requirements of the generated contract. Based on the official ERC Standards of the Ethereum community we will implement a prototype that can configure and generate customized contracts. Moreover, we are covering the challenges that we have to face in order to support automated test case generation and automated deployment processes.

@inproceedings{conf/icbc2/FranzFSV19, abstract = {In the late 90s the author Ian Grigg defined that smart contracts have to be human-readable like paper contracts while remaining processible by computer programs. The Ethereum Foundation has created a new programming language Solidity that can be used to implement smart contracts. However, the contracts are neither easy to implement nor easy-to-use by the common user. In order to enable users without programming skills to take advantage of the new technology, we propose a generator for smart contracts. Our prototype uses a configuration wizard to determine the requirements of the generated contract. Based on the official ERC Standards of the Ethereum community we will implement a prototype that can configure and generate customized contracts. Moreover, we are covering the challenges that we have to face in order to support automated test case generation and automated deployment processes.}, author = {Franz, Felix and Fertig, Tobias and Schütz, Andreas E. and Vu, Henry}, booktitle = {IEEE ICBC}, crossref = {conf/icbc2/2019}, keywords = {aschü}, pages = {38-42}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {Towards Human-readable Smart Contracts.}, year = 2019 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 conf/icbc2/FranzFSV19 %A Franz, Felix %A Fertig, Tobias %A Schütz, Andreas E. %A Vu, Henry %B IEEE ICBC %D 2019 %I IEEE %P 38-42 %T Towards Human-readable Smart Contracts. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/icbc2/icbc2019.html#FranzFSV19 %X In the late 90s the author Ian Grigg defined that smart contracts have to be human-readable like paper contracts while remaining processible by computer programs. The Ethereum Foundation has created a new programming language Solidity that can be used to implement smart contracts. However, the contracts are neither easy to implement nor easy-to-use by the common user. In order to enable users without programming skills to take advantage of the new technology, we propose a generator for smart contracts. Our prototype uses a configuration wizard to determine the requirements of the generated contract. Based on the official ERC Standards of the Ethereum community we will implement a prototype that can configure and generate customized contracts. Moreover, we are covering the challenges that we have to face in order to support automated test case generation and automated deployment processes. %@ 978-1-7281-1328-9
A survey of network-based intrusion detection data sets. In Computers and Security 86, 2019, 147-167, DOI:. Ring, Markus; Wunderlich, Sarah; Scheuring, Deniz; Landes, Dieter; Hotho, Andreas. In Computers and Security, Vol. 86, pp. 147–167. 2019.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Labeled data sets are necessary to train and evaluateanomaly-based network intrusion detection systems. This workprovides a focused literature survey of data sets for network-based intrusion detection and describes the underlying packet-and flow-based network data in detail. The paper identifies 15different properties to assess the suitability of individual data setsfor specific evaluation scenarios. These properties cover a widerange of criteria and are grouped into five categories such asdata volume or recording environment for offering a structuredsearch. Based on these properties, a comprehensive overview ofexisting data sets is given. This overview also highlights thepeculiarities of each data set. Furthermore, this work brieflytouches upon other sources for network-based data such astraffic generators and data repositories. Finally, we discuss ourobservations and provide some recommendations for the use andthe creation of network-based data sets.

@inproceedings{ringsurvey, abstract = {Labeled data sets are necessary to train and evaluateanomaly-based network intrusion detection systems. This workprovides a focused literature survey of data sets for network-based intrusion detection and describes the underlying packet-and flow-based network data in detail. The paper identifies 15different properties to assess the suitability of individual data setsfor specific evaluation scenarios. These properties cover a widerange of criteria and are grouped into five categories such asdata volume or recording environment for offering a structuredsearch. Based on these properties, a comprehensive overview ofexisting data sets is given. This overview also highlights thepeculiarities of each data set. Furthermore, this work brieflytouches upon other sources for network-based data such astraffic generators and data repositories. Finally, we discuss ourobservations and provide some recommendations for the use andthe creation of network-based data sets.}, author = {Ring, Markus and Wunderlich, Sarah and Scheuring, Deniz and Landes, Dieter and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Computers and Security}, keywords = {mr}, pages = {147-167}, title = {A survey of network-based intrusion detection data sets. In Computers and Security 86, 2019, 147-167, DOI:}, volume = 86, year = 2019 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 ringsurvey %A Ring, Markus %A Wunderlich, Sarah %A Scheuring, Deniz %A Landes, Dieter %A Hotho, Andreas %B Computers and Security %D 2019 %P 147-167 %T A survey of network-based intrusion detection data sets. In Computers and Security 86, 2019, 147-167, DOI: %U https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.02460.pdf %V 86 %X Labeled data sets are necessary to train and evaluateanomaly-based network intrusion detection systems. This workprovides a focused literature survey of data sets for network-based intrusion detection and describes the underlying packet-and flow-based network data in detail. The paper identifies 15different properties to assess the suitability of individual data setsfor specific evaluation scenarios. These properties cover a widerange of criteria and are grouped into five categories such asdata volume or recording environment for offering a structuredsearch. Based on these properties, a comprehensive overview ofexisting data sets is given. This overview also highlights thepeculiarities of each data set. Furthermore, this work brieflytouches upon other sources for network-based data such astraffic generators and data repositories. Finally, we discuss ourobservations and provide some recommendations for the use andthe creation of network-based data sets.

2018[ to top ]

Flow-based Network Traffic Generation using Generative Adversarial Networks. Ring, Markus; Schlör, Daniel; Landes, Dieter; Hotho, Andreas. In Computing Research Repository CoRR, abs/1810.07795. 2018.
- [ Abstract ]
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Flow-based data sets are necessary for evaluating network-based intrusion de- tection systems (NIDS). In this work, we propose a novel methodology for gener- ating realistic flow-based network traffic. Our approach is based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) which achieve good results for image generation. A major challenge lies in the fact that GANs can only process continuous at- tributes. However, flow-based data inevitably contain categorical attributes such as IP addresses or port numbers. Therefore, we propose three different preprocessing approaches for flow-based data in order to transform them into continuous values. Further, we present a new method for evaluating the gener- ated flow-based network traffic which uses domain knowledge to define quality tests. We use the three approaches for generating flow-based network traffic based on the CIDDS-001 data set. Experiments indicate that two of the three approaches are able to generate high quality data.

@article{journals/corr/abs-1810-07795, abstract = {Flow-based data sets are necessary for evaluating network-based intrusion de- tection systems (NIDS). In this work, we propose a novel methodology for gener- ating realistic flow-based network traffic. Our approach is based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) which achieve good results for image generation. A major challenge lies in the fact that GANs can only process continuous at- tributes. However, flow-based data inevitably contain categorical attributes such as IP addresses or port numbers. Therefore, we propose three different preprocessing approaches for flow-based data in order to transform them into continuous values. Further, we present a new method for evaluating the gener- ated flow-based network traffic which uses domain knowledge to define quality tests. We use the three approaches for generating flow-based network traffic based on the CIDDS-001 data set. Experiments indicate that two of the three approaches are able to generate high quality data.}, author = {Ring, Markus and Schlör, Daniel and Landes, Dieter and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {Computing Research Repository CoRR}, keywords = {mr}, title = {Flow-based Network Traffic Generation using Generative Adversarial Networks.}, volume = {abs/1810.07795}, year = 2018 }

%0 Journal Article %1 journals/corr/abs-1810-07795 %A Ring, Markus %A Schlör, Daniel %A Landes, Dieter %A Hotho, Andreas %D 2018 %J Computing Research Repository CoRR %T Flow-based Network Traffic Generation using Generative Adversarial Networks. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/corr/corr1810.html#abs-1810-07795 %V abs/1810.07795 %X Flow-based data sets are necessary for evaluating network-based intrusion de- tection systems (NIDS). In this work, we propose a novel methodology for gener- ating realistic flow-based network traffic. Our approach is based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) which achieve good results for image generation. A major challenge lies in the fact that GANs can only process continuous at- tributes. However, flow-based data inevitably contain categorical attributes such as IP addresses or port numbers. Therefore, we propose three different preprocessing approaches for flow-based data in order to transform them into continuous values. Further, we present a new method for evaluating the gener- ated flow-based network traffic which uses domain knowledge to define quality tests. We use the three approaches for generating flow-based network traffic based on the CIDDS-001 data set. Experiments indicate that two of the three approaches are able to generate high quality data.
Body Weight Estimation for Dose-Finding and Health Monitoring of Lying, Standing and Walking Patients Based on RGB-D Data. Pfitzner, C.; May, S.; N{ü}chter, A. In Sensors, 18(5). 2018.
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This paper describes the estimation of the body weight of a person in front of an RGB-D camera. A survey of different methods for body weight estimation based on depth sensors is given. First, an estimation of people standing in front of a camera is presented. Second, an approach based on a stream of depth images is used to obtain the body weight of a person walking towards a sensor. The algorithm first extracts features from a point cloud and forwards them to an artificial neural network (ANN) to obtain an estimation of body weight. Besides the algorithm for the estimation, this paper further presents an open-access dataset based on measurements from a trauma room in a hospital as well as data from visitors of a public event. In total, the dataset contains 439 measurements. The article illustrates the efficiency of the approach with experiments with persons lying down in a hospital, standing persons, and walking persons. Applicable scenarios for the presented algorithm are body weight-related dosing of emergency patients.

@article{SENSORS2018, abstract = {This paper describes the estimation of the body weight of a person in front of an RGB-D camera. A survey of different methods for body weight estimation based on depth sensors is given. First, an estimation of people standing in front of a camera is presented. Second, an approach based on a stream of depth images is used to obtain the body weight of a person walking towards a sensor. The algorithm first extracts features from a point cloud and forwards them to an artificial neural network (ANN) to obtain an estimation of body weight. Besides the algorithm for the estimation, this paper further presents an open-access dataset based on measurements from a trauma room in a hospital as well as data from visitors of a public event. In total, the dataset contains 439 measurements. The article illustrates the efficiency of the approach with experiments with persons lying down in a hospital, standing persons, and walking persons. Applicable scenarios for the presented algorithm are body weight-related dosing of emergency patients.}, author = {Pfitzner, C. and May, S. and N{\"u}chter, A.}, journal = {Sensors}, keywords = {cp}, month = {04}, number = 5, title = {Body Weight Estimation for Dose-Finding and Health Monitoring of Lying, Standing and Walking Patients Based on RGB-D Data}, volume = 18, year = 2018 }

%0 Journal Article %1 SENSORS2018 %A Pfitzner, C. %A May, S. %A N{ü}chter, A. %D 2018 %J Sensors %N 5 %R 10.3390/s18051311 %T Body Weight Estimation for Dose-Finding and Health Monitoring of Lying, Standing and Walking Patients Based on RGB-D Data %U https://robotik.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/telematics/download/mdpi2018.pdf %V 18 %X This paper describes the estimation of the body weight of a person in front of an RGB-D camera. A survey of different methods for body weight estimation based on depth sensors is given. First, an estimation of people standing in front of a camera is presented. Second, an approach based on a stream of depth images is used to obtain the body weight of a person walking towards a sensor. The algorithm first extracts features from a point cloud and forwards them to an artificial neural network (ANN) to obtain an estimation of body weight. Besides the algorithm for the estimation, this paper further presents an open-access dataset based on measurements from a trauma room in a hospital as well as data from visitors of a public event. In total, the dataset contains 439 measurements. The article illustrates the efficiency of the approach with experiments with persons lying down in a hospital, standing persons, and walking persons. Applicable scenarios for the presented algorithm are body weight-related dosing of emergency patients.
Detection of slow port scans in flow-based network traffic. Ring, Markus; Landes, Dieter; Hotho, Andreas. In PLOS ONE, 13(9), pp. 1–18. Public Library of Science, 2018.
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Frequently, port scans are early indicators of more serious attacks. Unfortunately, the detection of slow port scans in company networks is challenging due to the massive amount of network data. This paper proposes an innovative approach for preprocessing flow-based data which is specifically tailored to the detection of slow port scans. The preprocessing chain generates new objects based on flow-based data aggregated over time windows while taking domain knowledge as well as additional knowledge about the network structure into account. The computed objects are used as input for the further analysis. Based on these objects, we propose two different approaches for detection of slow port scans. One approach is unsupervised and uses sequential hypothesis testing whereas the other approach is supervised and uses classification algorithms. We compare both approaches with existing port scan detection algorithms on the flow-based CIDDS-001 data set. Experiments indicate that the proposed approaches achieve better detection rates and exhibit less false alarms than similar algorithms.

@article{10.1371/journal.pone.0204507, abstract = {Frequently, port scans are early indicators of more serious attacks. Unfortunately, the detection of slow port scans in company networks is challenging due to the massive amount of network data. This paper proposes an innovative approach for preprocessing flow-based data which is specifically tailored to the detection of slow port scans. The preprocessing chain generates new objects based on flow-based data aggregated over time windows while taking domain knowledge as well as additional knowledge about the network structure into account. The computed objects are used as input for the further analysis. Based on these objects, we propose two different approaches for detection of slow port scans. One approach is unsupervised and uses sequential hypothesis testing whereas the other approach is supervised and uses classification algorithms. We compare both approaches with existing port scan detection algorithms on the flow-based CIDDS-001 data set. Experiments indicate that the proposed approaches achieve better detection rates and exhibit less false alarms than similar algorithms.}, author = {Ring, Markus and Landes, Dieter and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, keywords = {mr}, month = {09}, number = 9, pages = {1-18}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, title = {Detection of slow port scans in flow-based network traffic}, volume = 13, year = 2018 }

%0 Journal Article %1 10.1371/journal.pone.0204507 %A Ring, Markus %A Landes, Dieter %A Hotho, Andreas %D 2018 %I Public Library of Science %J PLOS ONE %N 9 %P 1-18 %R 10.1371/journal.pone.0204507 %T Detection of slow port scans in flow-based network traffic %U https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204507 %V 13 %X Frequently, port scans are early indicators of more serious attacks. Unfortunately, the detection of slow port scans in company networks is challenging due to the massive amount of network data. This paper proposes an innovative approach for preprocessing flow-based data which is specifically tailored to the detection of slow port scans. The preprocessing chain generates new objects based on flow-based data aggregated over time windows while taking domain knowledge as well as additional knowledge about the network structure into account. The computed objects are used as input for the further analysis. Based on these objects, we propose two different approaches for detection of slow port scans. One approach is unsupervised and uses sequential hypothesis testing whereas the other approach is supervised and uses classification algorithms. We compare both approaches with existing port scan detection algorithms on the flow-based CIDDS-001 data set. Experiments indicate that the proposed approaches achieve better detection rates and exhibit less false alarms than similar algorithms.
Vertrauen ist gut, Blockchain ist besser - Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Blockchain für Vertrauensprobleme im Crowdsourcing. Schütz, Andreas; Fertig, Tobias; Weber, Kerstin; Vu, Henry; Hirth, Matthias; Tran-Gia, Thomas. In HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik. 2018.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Beim Crowdsourcing schreiben Unternehmen auf speziellen Marktplätzen Arbeiten aus, wo sie von einer großen Anzahl von anonymen Arbeitern bearbeitet werden können. Im Gegensatz zu traditionellen Arbeitsverhältnissen geht beim Crowdsourcing der Arbeitnehmer in Vorleistung. Der Auftraggeber entscheidet anhand der übermittelten Bearbeitung, ob der Arbeitnehmer entlohnt wird oder nicht. Vertrauen zwischen beiden Parteien ist daher ein entscheidender Erfolgsfaktor für Crowdsourcing. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Vertrauensprobleme im Crowdsourcing und stellt ein Konzept für ein neuartiges Reputationssystem für Crowdsourcing-Plattformen vor. Das Konzept soll helfen, das Vertrauen im Crowdsourcing zu erhöhen. Umgesetzt wird dieses Konzept mittels Smart Contracts auf der Ethereum Blockchain im Projekt CrowdPrecision. Die Profile von Auftraggeber und Arbeitnehmer werden mit einem Reputationsscore verknüpft, der transparent und fälschungssicher in der Blockchain gespeichert wird. Die einzelnen Aufträge werden über Smart Contracts abgebildet, die eine automatisierte Entlohnung und Bewertung unter Einhaltung der vereinbarten Bedingungen garantieren.

@article{info3-article-2018-5, abstract = {Beim Crowdsourcing schreiben Unternehmen auf speziellen Marktplätzen Arbeiten aus, wo sie von einer großen Anzahl von anonymen Arbeitern bearbeitet werden können. Im Gegensatz zu traditionellen Arbeitsverhältnissen geht beim Crowdsourcing der Arbeitnehmer in Vorleistung. Der Auftraggeber entscheidet anhand der übermittelten Bearbeitung, ob der Arbeitnehmer entlohnt wird oder nicht. Vertrauen zwischen beiden Parteien ist daher ein entscheidender Erfolgsfaktor für Crowdsourcing. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Vertrauensprobleme im Crowdsourcing und stellt ein Konzept für ein neuartiges Reputationssystem für Crowdsourcing-Plattformen vor. Das Konzept soll helfen, das Vertrauen im Crowdsourcing zu erhöhen. Umgesetzt wird dieses Konzept mittels Smart Contracts auf der Ethereum Blockchain im Projekt CrowdPrecision. Die Profile von Auftraggeber und Arbeitnehmer werden mit einem Reputationsscore verknüpft, der transparent und fälschungssicher in der Blockchain gespeichert wird. Die einzelnen Aufträge werden über Smart Contracts abgebildet, die eine automatisierte Entlohnung und Bewertung unter Einhaltung der vereinbarten Bedingungen garantieren.}, author = {Schütz, Andreas and Fertig, Tobias and Weber, Kerstin and Vu, Henry and Hirth, Matthias and Tran-Gia, Thomas}, journal = {HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, keywords = {aschü}, month = 10, title = {Vertrauen ist gut, Blockchain ist besser - Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Blockchain für Vertrauensprobleme im Crowdsourcing}, year = 2018 }

%0 Journal Article %1 info3-article-2018-5 %A Schütz, Andreas %A Fertig, Tobias %A Weber, Kerstin %A Vu, Henry %A Hirth, Matthias %A Tran-Gia, Thomas %D 2018 %J HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik %T Vertrauen ist gut, Blockchain ist besser - Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Blockchain für Vertrauensprobleme im Crowdsourcing %X Beim Crowdsourcing schreiben Unternehmen auf speziellen Marktplätzen Arbeiten aus, wo sie von einer großen Anzahl von anonymen Arbeitern bearbeitet werden können. Im Gegensatz zu traditionellen Arbeitsverhältnissen geht beim Crowdsourcing der Arbeitnehmer in Vorleistung. Der Auftraggeber entscheidet anhand der übermittelten Bearbeitung, ob der Arbeitnehmer entlohnt wird oder nicht. Vertrauen zwischen beiden Parteien ist daher ein entscheidender Erfolgsfaktor für Crowdsourcing. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Vertrauensprobleme im Crowdsourcing und stellt ein Konzept für ein neuartiges Reputationssystem für Crowdsourcing-Plattformen vor. Das Konzept soll helfen, das Vertrauen im Crowdsourcing zu erhöhen. Umgesetzt wird dieses Konzept mittels Smart Contracts auf der Ethereum Blockchain im Projekt CrowdPrecision. Die Profile von Auftraggeber und Arbeitnehmer werden mit einem Reputationsscore verknüpft, der transparent und fälschungssicher in der Blockchain gespeichert wird. Die einzelnen Aufträge werden über Smart Contracts abgebildet, die eine automatisierte Entlohnung und Bewertung unter Einhaltung der vereinbarten Bedingungen garantieren.
Edge Preserving Compression of CT Scans using Wavelets. Stock, Michael; Herl, Gabriel; Sauer, Thomas; Hiller, Jochen. In Proceedings of the Structural Health Monitoring, International Symposium Nondestructive Testing 4-5 October 2018, Saarbruecken, Germany. 2018.
- [ Abstract ]
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- [ EndNote ]
This work addresses the subject of efficient storage of computed tomography (CT) data with an emphasis on the quality of surfaces. Industrial dimensional metrology often requires high measurement accuracy and we show that this is retained using wavelet-based compression methods. The applied techniques include a tensor product wavelet transform and soft wavelet shrinkage. In our tests on real objects, we compared dimensional CT measurements of compressed and uncompressed volumes. We were able to reduce the necessary storage space significantly with a minimal loss of accuracy. For a multi sphere phantom, we decreased the storage space to 4.7% (from 638 MB to 30 MB) with an average deviation below 1 µm from the original volume.

@inproceedings{noauthororeditor, abstract = {This work addresses the subject of efficient storage of computed tomography (CT) data with an emphasis on the quality of surfaces. Industrial dimensional metrology often requires high measurement accuracy and we show that this is retained using wavelet-based compression methods. The applied techniques include a tensor product wavelet transform and soft wavelet shrinkage. In our tests on real objects, we compared dimensional CT measurements of compressed and uncompressed volumes. We were able to reduce the necessary storage space significantly with a minimal loss of accuracy. For a multi sphere phantom, we decreased the storage space to 4.7% (from 638 MB to 30 MB) with an average deviation below 1 µm from the original volume.}, author = {Stock, Michael and Herl, Gabriel and Sauer, Thomas and Hiller, Jochen}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Structural Health Monitoring, International Symposium Nondestructive Testing 4-5 October 2018, Saarbruecken, Germany}, keywords = {gher}, title = {Edge Preserving Compression of CT Scans using Wavelets}, year = 2018 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 noauthororeditor %A Stock, Michael %A Herl, Gabriel %A Sauer, Thomas %A Hiller, Jochen %B Proceedings of the Structural Health Monitoring, International Symposium Nondestructive Testing 4-5 October 2018, Saarbruecken, Germany %D 2018 %T Edge Preserving Compression of CT Scans using Wavelets %X This work addresses the subject of efficient storage of computed tomography (CT) data with an emphasis on the quality of surfaces. Industrial dimensional metrology often requires high measurement accuracy and we show that this is retained using wavelet-based compression methods. The applied techniques include a tensor product wavelet transform and soft wavelet shrinkage. In our tests on real objects, we compared dimensional CT measurements of compressed and uncompressed volumes. We were able to reduce the necessary storage space significantly with a minimal loss of accuracy. For a multi sphere phantom, we decreased the storage space to 4.7% (from 638 MB to 30 MB) with an average deviation below 1 µm from the original volume.
How Institutional Arrangements impede Realization of Smart Ecosystems: the Case of Door-to-Door Mobility integrators. Schulz, Thomas; Überle, Martin. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2018), Portsmouth, UK, 2018, P. M. Bednar, U. Frank, K. Kautz (eds.), p. 135. 2018.
- [ BibTeX ]
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@inproceedings{conf/ecis/SchulzU18, author = {Schulz, Thomas and Überle, Martin}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2018), Portsmouth, UK, 2018}, crossref = {conf/ecis/2018}, editor = {Bednar, Peter M. and Frank, Ulrich and Kautz, Karlheinz}, keywords = {thschu}, pages = 135, title = {How Institutional Arrangements impede Realization of Smart Ecosystems: the Case of Door-to-Door Mobility integrators.}, year = 2018 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 conf/ecis/SchulzU18 %A Schulz, Thomas %A Überle, Martin %B Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2018), Portsmouth, UK, 2018 %D 2018 %E Bednar, Peter M. %E Frank, Ulrich %E Kautz, Karlheinz %P 135 %T How Institutional Arrangements impede Realization of Smart Ecosystems: the Case of Door-to-Door Mobility integrators. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/ecis/ecis2018.html#SchulzU18
Vertrauen ist gut, Blockchain ist besser - Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Blockchain für Vertrauensprobleme im Crowdsourcing. Schütz, Andreas E.; Fertig, Tobias; Weber, Kristin; Vu, Henry; Hirth, Matthias; Tran-Gia, Thomas. In HMD Prax. der Wirtschaftsinformatik, 55(6), pp. 1155–1166. 2018.
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- [ EndNote ]
@article{journals/hmd/SchutzFWVHT18, author = {Schütz, Andreas E. and Fertig, Tobias and Weber, Kristin and Vu, Henry and Hirth, Matthias and Tran-Gia, Thomas}, journal = {HMD Prax. der Wirtschaftsinformatik}, keywords = {achü}, number = 6, pages = {1155-1166}, title = {Vertrauen ist gut, Blockchain ist besser - Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Blockchain für Vertrauensprobleme im Crowdsourcing.}, volume = 55, year = 2018 }

%0 Journal Article %1 journals/hmd/SchutzFWVHT18 %A Schütz, Andreas E. %A Fertig, Tobias %A Weber, Kristin %A Vu, Henry %A Hirth, Matthias %A Tran-Gia, Thomas %D 2018 %J HMD Prax. der Wirtschaftsinformatik %N 6 %P 1155-1166 %T Vertrauen ist gut, Blockchain ist besser - Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Blockchain für Vertrauensprobleme im Crowdsourcing. %U http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/hmd/hmd55.html#SchutzFWVHT18 %V 55
How do consumers experience the emotional rollercoaster? A smartphone app to measure emotions continously, transfer. Stieler, Maximilian; Kriegl, Bettina. In Werbeforschung & Praxis, 64(2), pp. 43–53. 2018.
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
@article{noauthororeditor, author = {Stieler, Maximilian and Kriegl, Bettina}, journal = {Werbeforschung & Praxis}, keywords = {bkrie}, number = 2, pages = {43-53}, title = {How do consumers experience the emotional rollercoaster? A smartphone app to measure emotions continously, transfer}, volume = 64, year = 2018 }

%0 Journal Article %1 noauthororeditor %A Stieler, Maximilian %A Kriegl, Bettina %D 2018 %J Werbeforschung & Praxis %N 2 %P 43-53 %T How do consumers experience the emotional rollercoaster? A smartphone app to measure emotions continously, transfer %V 64
Digitalisierung, Verarbeitung und Analyse kultureller und industrieller Objekte: Wertschöpfung aus großen Datenmengen. Kasperl, Stefan; Hanke, Randolf; Oeckl, Steven; Schmitt, Peter; Uhlmann, Norman; Heinz, Daniel; Herl, Gabriel; Hiller, Jochen; Kämmler, Achim; Miller, Thomas; Stock, A.Michael; Sauer, Tomas. In Jahrestagung für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (2018), Deutsche Gesellschaft DGZfP. 2018.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Im Zuge der Digitalisierung dreidimensionaler Objekte in großer Genauigkeit fallen Daten in bisher ungekannten Dimensionen an, die gespeichert, verarbeitet und in Information umgewandelt werden müssen.

@inproceedings{noauthororeditor, abstract = {Im Zuge der Digitalisierung dreidimensionaler Objekte in großer Genauigkeit fallen Daten in bisher ungekannten Dimensionen an, die gespeichert, verarbeitet und in Information umgewandelt werden müssen.}, author = {Kasperl, Stefan and Hanke, Randolf and Oeckl, Steven and Schmitt, Peter and Uhlmann, Norman and Heinz, Daniel and Herl, Gabriel and Hiller, Jochen and Kämmler, Achim and Miller, Thomas and Stock, A.Michael and Sauer, Tomas}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (2018), Deutsche Gesellschaft DGZfP}, keywords = {gher}, title = {Digitalisierung, Verarbeitung und Analyse kultureller und industrieller Objekte: Wertschöpfung aus großen Datenmengen}, year = 2018 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 noauthororeditor %A Kasperl, Stefan %A Hanke, Randolf %A Oeckl, Steven %A Schmitt, Peter %A Uhlmann, Norman %A Heinz, Daniel %A Herl, Gabriel %A Hiller, Jochen %A Kämmler, Achim %A Miller, Thomas %A Stock, A.Michael %A Sauer, Tomas %B Jahrestagung für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (2018), Deutsche Gesellschaft DGZfP %D 2018 %T Digitalisierung, Verarbeitung und Analyse kultureller und industrieller Objekte: Wertschöpfung aus großen Datenmengen %X Im Zuge der Digitalisierung dreidimensionaler Objekte in großer Genauigkeit fallen Daten in bisher ungekannten Dimensionen an, die gespeichert, verarbeitet und in Information umgewandelt werden müssen.
Metal artifact reduction by fusion of CT scans from different positions using the unfiltered backprojection. Herl, Gabriel; Rettenberger, Simon; Hiller, Jochen; Sauer, Tomas. In Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography, Wels, Austria (iCT 2018). 2018.
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Abstract Metal objects or metal parts in an object are still a major problem of X-ray computed tomography (CT) because of so called metal artifacts. We propose a new method – a multipositional data fusion – for automatically fusing multiple CT volumes from different positions to reduce these metal artifacts. After scanning a specimen several times at different positions and reconstruction of every scan (e.g. by the filtered backprojection), we also perform an unfiltered backprojection. Based on the assumption that metal artifacts occur the most wherever X-rays are attenuated a lot, the unfiltered backprojection is used to autonomously estimate the likelihood of metal artifacts in every voxel of every scan. The different volumes are registered and then fused by weighted sum preferring the voxels with low values in the unfiltered backprojection results. In our tests on real objects, our method fully automatically created optimized volumes with significantly less metal artifacts. The multipositional data fusion was compared to the commercially multi spectra fusion of Werth Messtechnik GmbH and outperformed it in one of the use cases.

@inproceedings{noauthororeditor, abstract = {Abstract Metal objects or metal parts in an object are still a major problem of X-ray computed tomography (CT) because of so called metal artifacts. We propose a new method – a multipositional data fusion – for automatically fusing multiple CT volumes from different positions to reduce these metal artifacts. After scanning a specimen several times at different positions and reconstruction of every scan (e.g. by the filtered backprojection), we also perform an unfiltered backprojection. Based on the assumption that metal artifacts occur the most wherever X-rays are attenuated a lot, the unfiltered backprojection is used to autonomously estimate the likelihood of metal artifacts in every voxel of every scan. The different volumes are registered and then fused by weighted sum preferring the voxels with low values in the unfiltered backprojection results. In our tests on real objects, our method fully automatically created optimized volumes with significantly less metal artifacts. The multipositional data fusion was compared to the commercially multi spectra fusion of Werth Messtechnik GmbH and outperformed it in one of the use cases.}, author = {Herl, Gabriel and Rettenberger, Simon and Hiller, Jochen and Sauer, Tomas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography, Wels, Austria (iCT 2018)}, keywords = {gher}, title = {Metal artifact reduction by fusion of CT scans from different positions using the unfiltered backprojection}, year = 2018 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 noauthororeditor %A Herl, Gabriel %A Rettenberger, Simon %A Hiller, Jochen %A Sauer, Tomas %B Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography, Wels, Austria (iCT 2018) %D 2018 %T Metal artifact reduction by fusion of CT scans from different positions using the unfiltered backprojection %X Abstract Metal objects or metal parts in an object are still a major problem of X-ray computed tomography (CT) because of so called metal artifacts. We propose a new method – a multipositional data fusion – for automatically fusing multiple CT volumes from different positions to reduce these metal artifacts. After scanning a specimen several times at different positions and reconstruction of every scan (e.g. by the filtered backprojection), we also perform an unfiltered backprojection. Based on the assumption that metal artifacts occur the most wherever X-rays are attenuated a lot, the unfiltered backprojection is used to autonomously estimate the likelihood of metal artifacts in every voxel of every scan. The different volumes are registered and then fused by weighted sum preferring the voxels with low values in the unfiltered backprojection results. In our tests on real objects, our method fully automatically created optimized volumes with significantly less metal artifacts. The multipositional data fusion was compared to the commercially multi spectra fusion of Werth Messtechnik GmbH and outperformed it in one of the use cases.
Digitization, Data Processing and Analysis of Industrial and Cultural Objects: Creating Additional Value from Big Data. Kasperl, Stefan; Hanke, Randolf; Oeckl, Steven; Schmitt, Peter; Uhlmann, Norman; Heinz, Daniel; Herl, Gabriel; Hiller, Jochen; Kämmler, Achim; Miller, Thomas; Stock, Andreas M; Sauer, Tomas. In Proceedings of the 12th, European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (ECNDT) 2018, Gothenburg-Sweden. 2018.
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Abstract In the course of the digitization of three-dimensional objects with great precision, data in hitherto unknown dimensions are amassed which have to be stored, processed and converted into information.

@inproceedings{noauthororeditor, abstract = {Abstract In the course of the digitization of three-dimensional objects with great precision, data in hitherto unknown dimensions are amassed which have to be stored, processed and converted into information.}, author = {Kasperl, Stefan and Hanke, Randolf and Oeckl, Steven and Schmitt, Peter and Uhlmann, Norman and Heinz, Daniel and Herl, Gabriel and Hiller, Jochen and Kämmler, Achim and Miller, Thomas and Stock, Andreas M and Sauer, Tomas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th, European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (ECNDT) 2018, Gothenburg-Sweden}, keywords = {gher}, title = {Digitization, Data Processing and Analysis of Industrial and Cultural Objects: Creating Additional Value from Big Data}, year = 2018 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 noauthororeditor %A Kasperl, Stefan %A Hanke, Randolf %A Oeckl, Steven %A Schmitt, Peter %A Uhlmann, Norman %A Heinz, Daniel %A Herl, Gabriel %A Hiller, Jochen %A Kämmler, Achim %A Miller, Thomas %A Stock, Andreas M %A Sauer, Tomas %B Proceedings of the 12th, European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (ECNDT) 2018, Gothenburg-Sweden %D 2018 %T Digitization, Data Processing and Analysis of Industrial and Cultural Objects: Creating Additional Value from Big Data %X Abstract In the course of the digitization of three-dimensional objects with great precision, data in hitherto unknown dimensions are amassed which have to be stored, processed and converted into information.
You Snooze, You Lose: Measuring PLC Cycle Times under Attacks. Niedermaier, Matthias; Malchow, Jan-Ole; Fischer, Florian; Marzin, Daniel; Merli, Dominik; Roth, Volker; von Bodisco, Alexander. In WOOT @ USENIX Security Symposium, C. Rossow, Y. Younan (eds.). USENIX Association, 2018.
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In this work, we show that the electrical side of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), that is, the controlled process, can be influenced by packet flooding. This differs from already known Denial of Service (DoS) attacks as the target is the actual process and not network connectivity. We conducted our experiments with 16 devices from six vendors, giving a good overview of the current market. Except for one device, all are susceptible to network flooding attacks. In three cases, an attack even lead to a DoS on the electrical side, completely disrupting any controlled process. In addition, we show that well-known scanning tools have measurable impacts on PLCs. These findings should be taken into consideration by administrators and researchers planning scanning activities.

@inproceedings{conf/woot/NiedermaierMFMM18, abstract = {In this work, we show that the electrical side of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), that is, the controlled process, can be influenced by packet flooding. This differs from already known Denial of Service (DoS) attacks as the target is the actual process and not network connectivity. We conducted our experiments with 16 devices from six vendors, giving a good overview of the current market. Except for one device, all are susceptible to network flooding attacks. In three cases, an attack even lead to a DoS on the electrical side, completely disrupting any controlled process. In addition, we show that well-known scanning tools have measurable impacts on PLCs. These findings should be taken into consideration by administrators and researchers planning scanning activities.}, author = {Niedermaier, Matthias and Malchow, Jan-Ole and Fischer, Florian and Marzin, Daniel and Merli, Dominik and Roth, Volker and von Bodisco, Alexander}, booktitle = {WOOT @ USENIX Security Symposium}, crossref = {conf/woot/2018}, editor = {Rossow, Christian and Younan, Yves}, keywords = {MNie}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, title = {You Snooze, You Lose: Measuring PLC Cycle Times under Attacks.}, year = 2018 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 conf/woot/NiedermaierMFMM18 %A Niedermaier, Matthias %A Malchow, Jan-Ole %A Fischer, Florian %A Marzin, Daniel %A Merli, Dominik %A Roth, Volker %A von Bodisco, Alexander %B WOOT @ USENIX Security Symposium %D 2018 %E Rossow, Christian %E Younan, Yves %I USENIX Association %T You Snooze, You Lose: Measuring PLC Cycle Times under Attacks. %U https://www.usenix.org/conference/woot18/presentation/niedermaier %X In this work, we show that the electrical side of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), that is, the controlled process, can be influenced by packet flooding. This differs from already known Denial of Service (DoS) attacks as the target is the actual process and not network connectivity. We conducted our experiments with 16 devices from six vendors, giving a good overview of the current market. Except for one device, all are susceptible to network flooding attacks. In three cases, an attack even lead to a DoS on the electrical side, completely disrupting any controlled process. In addition, we show that well-known scanning tools have measurable impacts on PLCs. These findings should be taken into consideration by administrators and researchers planning scanning activities.

2017[ to top ]

Creation of Flow-Based Data Sets for Intrusion Detection. Ring, Markus; Wunderlich, Sarah; Grüdl, Dominik; Landes, Dieter; Hotho, Andreas. In Journal of Information Warfare, 16(4), pp. 41–54. 2017.
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Publicly available labelled data sets are necessary for evaluating anomaly-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). However, existing data sets are often not up-to-date or not yet published because of privacy concerns. This paper identifies requirements for good data sets and proposes an approach for their generation. The key idea is to use a test environment and emulate realistic user behaviour with parameterised scripts on the clients. Comprehensive logging mechanisms provide additional information which may be used for a better understanding of the inner dynamics of an IDS. Finally, the proposed approach is used to generate the flow-based CIDDS-002 data set.

@article{ring2017creation, abstract = {Publicly available labelled data sets are necessary for evaluating anomaly-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). However, existing data sets are often not up-to-date or not yet published because of privacy concerns. This paper identifies requirements for good data sets and proposes an approach for their generation. The key idea is to use a test environment and emulate realistic user behaviour with parameterised scripts on the clients. Comprehensive logging mechanisms provide additional information which may be used for a better understanding of the inner dynamics of an IDS. Finally, the proposed approach is used to generate the flow-based CIDDS-002 data set.}, author = {Ring, Markus and Wunderlich, Sarah and Grüdl, Dominik and Landes, Dieter and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {Journal of Information Warfare}, keywords = {mr}, month = {Dez}, number = 4, pages = {41-54}, title = {Creation of Flow-Based Data Sets for Intrusion Detection}, volume = 16, year = 2017 }

%0 Journal Article %1 ring2017creation %A Ring, Markus %A Wunderlich, Sarah %A Grüdl, Dominik %A Landes, Dieter %A Hotho, Andreas %D 2017 %J Journal of Information Warfare %N 4 %P 41-54 %T Creation of Flow-Based Data Sets for Intrusion Detection %U https://www.jinfowar.com/journal/volume-16-issue-4/creation-flow-based-data-sets-intrusion-detection %V 16 %X Publicly available labelled data sets are necessary for evaluating anomaly-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). However, existing data sets are often not up-to-date or not yet published because of privacy concerns. This paper identifies requirements for good data sets and proposes an approach for their generation. The key idea is to use a test environment and emulate realistic user behaviour with parameterised scripts on the clients. Comprehensive logging mechanisms provide additional information which may be used for a better understanding of the inner dynamics of an IDS. Finally, the proposed approach is used to generate the flow-based CIDDS-002 data set.
{Effective Distinction Of Transparent And Specular Reflective Objects In Point Clouds Of A Multi-Echo Laser Scanner}. Koch, R.; May, S.; N{ü}chter, A. In Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR ’17), pp. 566–571. Hong Kong, China, 2017.
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A favoured sensor for mapping is a 3D laser scanner since it allows a wide scanning range, precise measurements, and is usable indoor and outdoor. Hence, a mapping module delivers detailed and high resolution maps which makes it possible to navigate safely. Difficulties result from transparent and specular reflective objects which cause erroneous and dubious measurements. At such objects, based on the incident angle, measurements result from the object surface, an object behind the transparent surface, or an object mirrored with respect to the reflective surface. This paper describes an enhanced Pre-Filter-Module to distinguish between these cases. Two experiments demonstrate the usability and show that for single scans the identification of mentioned objects in 3D is possible. The first experiment was made in an empty room with a mirror. The second experiment was made in a stairway which contains a glass door. Further, results show that a discrimination between a specular reflective and a transparent object is possible. Especially for transparent objects the detected size is restricted to the incident angle. That is why future work concentrates on implementing a post-filter module. Gained experience shows that collecting the data of multiple scans and postprocess them as soon as the object was bypassed will improve the map.

@inproceedings{ICAR2017, abstract = {A favoured sensor for mapping is a 3D laser scanner since it allows a wide scanning range, precise measurements, and is usable indoor and outdoor. Hence, a mapping module delivers detailed and high resolution maps which makes it possible to navigate safely. Difficulties result from transparent and specular reflective objects which cause erroneous and dubious measurements. At such objects, based on the incident angle, measurements result from the object surface, an object behind the transparent surface, or an object mirrored with respect to the reflective surface. This paper describes an enhanced Pre-Filter-Module to distinguish between these cases. Two experiments demonstrate the usability and show that for single scans the identification of mentioned objects in 3D is possible. The first experiment was made in an empty room with a mirror. The second experiment was made in a stairway which contains a glass door. Further, results show that a discrimination between a specular reflective and a transparent object is possible. Especially for transparent objects the detected size is restricted to the incident angle. That is why future work concentrates on implementing a post-filter module. Gained experience shows that collecting the data of multiple scans and postprocess them as soon as the object was bypassed will improve the map.}, address = {Hong Kong, China}, author = {Koch, R. and May, S. and N{\"u}chter, A.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR '17)}, keywords = {RK}, month = {07}, pages = {566–571}, title = {{Effective Distinction Of Transparent And Specular Reflective Objects In Point Clouds Of A Multi-Echo Laser Scanner}}, year = 2017 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 ICAR2017 %A Koch, R. %A May, S. %A N{ü}chter, A. %B Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR '17) %C Hong Kong, China %D 2017 %P 566--571 %R 10.1109/ICAR.2017.8023667 %T {Effective Distinction Of Transparent And Specular Reflective Objects In Point Clouds Of A Multi-Echo Laser Scanner} %U https://robotik.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/telematics/download/icar2017.pdf %X A favoured sensor for mapping is a 3D laser scanner since it allows a wide scanning range, precise measurements, and is usable indoor and outdoor. Hence, a mapping module delivers detailed and high resolution maps which makes it possible to navigate safely. Difficulties result from transparent and specular reflective objects which cause erroneous and dubious measurements. At such objects, based on the incident angle, measurements result from the object surface, an object behind the transparent surface, or an object mirrored with respect to the reflective surface. This paper describes an enhanced Pre-Filter-Module to distinguish between these cases. Two experiments demonstrate the usability and show that for single scans the identification of mentioned objects in 3D is possible. The first experiment was made in an empty room with a mirror. The second experiment was made in a stairway which contains a glass door. Further, results show that a discrimination between a specular reflective and a transparent object is possible. Especially for transparent objects the detected size is restricted to the incident angle. That is why future work concentrates on implementing a post-filter module. Gained experience shows that collecting the data of multiple scans and postprocess them as soon as the object was bypassed will improve the map.
{Evaluation of Features from RGB-D Data for Human Body Weight Estimation}. Pfitzner, C.; May, S.; N{ü}chter, A. In International Federation of Automatic Control. Toulouse, France, 2017.
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Body weight is a crucial parameter when it comes to drug or radiation dosing. In case of emergency treatment time is short so that physicians estimate the body weight by the visual appearance of a patient. Further, visual body weight estimation might be a feature for person identification. This paper presents the anthropometric feature extraction from RGB-D sensor data, recorded from frontal view. The features are forwarded to an artificial neural network for weight estimation. Experiments with 233 people demonstrate the capability of different features for body weight estimation. To prove robustness against sensor modalities, a structured light sensor is used, as well as a time-of-flight sensor. An additional experiment including temperature features from a thermal camera improves the body weight estimation beyond.

@inproceedings{WC2017_2, abstract = {Body weight is a crucial parameter when it comes to drug or radiation dosing. In case of emergency treatment time is short so that physicians estimate the body weight by the visual appearance of a patient. Further, visual body weight estimation might be a feature for person identification. This paper presents the anthropometric feature extraction from RGB-D sensor data, recorded from frontal view. The features are forwarded to an artificial neural network for weight estimation. Experiments with 233 people demonstrate the capability of different features for body weight estimation. To prove robustness against sensor modalities, a structured light sensor is used, as well as a time-of-flight sensor. An additional experiment including temperature features from a thermal camera improves the body weight estimation beyond.}, address = {Toulouse, France}, author = {Pfitzner, C. and May, S. and N{\"u}chter, A.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th World Congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC WC '17)}, journal = {International Federation of Automatic Control}, keywords = {cp}, month = {07}, title = {{Evaluation of Features from RGB-D Data for Human Body Weight Estimation}}, year = 2017 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 WC2017_2 %A Pfitzner, C. %A May, S. %A N{ü}chter, A. %B Proceedings of the 20th World Congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC WC '17) %C Toulouse, France %D 2017 %J International Federation of Automatic Control %R 10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.1761 %T {Evaluation of Features from RGB-D Data for Human Body Weight Estimation} %U https://robotik.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/telematics/download/iwc2017_1.pdf %X Body weight is a crucial parameter when it comes to drug or radiation dosing. In case of emergency treatment time is short so that physicians estimate the body weight by the visual appearance of a patient. Further, visual body weight estimation might be a feature for person identification. This paper presents the anthropometric feature extraction from RGB-D sensor data, recorded from frontal view. The features are forwarded to an artificial neural network for weight estimation. Experiments with 233 people demonstrate the capability of different features for body weight estimation. To prove robustness against sensor modalities, a structured light sensor is used, as well as a time-of-flight sensor. An additional experiment including temperature features from a thermal camera improves the body weight estimation beyond.
{Out of lab calibration of a rotating 2D scanner for 3D mapping}. Koch, R.; B{ö}ttcher, L.; Jahrsd{ö}rfer, M.; Maier, J.; Trommer, M.; May, S.; N{ü}chter, A. In Proceedings of the International Society for Optics and Photonics SPIE optical metrology, Videometrics, Range Imaging, and Applications, Vol. 10332, pp. 10332 – 10332 . Munich, Germany, 2017.
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Mapping is an essential task in mobile robotics. To fulfil advanced navigation and manipulation tasks a 3D representation of the environment is required. Applying stereo cameras or Time-of-flight cameras (TOF cameras) are one way to archive this requirement. Unfortunately, they suffer from drawbacks which makes it difficult to map properly. Therefore, costly 3D laser scanners are applied. An inexpensive way to build a 3D representation is to use a 2D laser scanner and rotate the scan plane around an additional axis. A 3D point cloud acquired with such a custom device consists of multiple 2D line scans. Therefore the scanner pose of each line scan need to be determined as well as parameters resulting from a calibration to generate a 3D point cloud. Using external sensor systems are a common method to determine these calibration parameters. This is costly and difficult when the robot needs to be calibrated outside the lab. Thus, this work presents a calibration method applied on a rotating 2D laser scanner. It uses a hardware setup to identify the required parameters for calibration. This hardware setup is light, small, and easy to transport. Hence, an out of lab calibration is possible. Additional a theoretical model was created to test the algorithm and analyse impact of the scanner accuracy. The hardware components of the 3D scanner system are an HOKUYO UTM-30LX-EW 2D laser scanner, a Dynamixel servo-motor, and a control unit. The calibration system consists of an hemisphere. In the inner of the hemisphere a circular plate is mounted. The algorithm needs to be provided with a dataset of a single rotation from the laser scanner. To achieve a proper calibration result the scanner needs to be located in the middle of the hemisphere. By means of geometric formulas the algorithms determine the individual deviations of the placed laser scanner. In order to minimize errors, the algorithm solves the formulas in an iterative process. First, the calibration algorithm was tested with an ideal hemisphere model created in Matlab. Second, laser scanner was mounted differently, the scanner position and the rotation axis was modified. In doing so, every deviation, was compared with the algorithm results. Several measurement settings were tested repeatedly with the 3D scanner system and the calibration system. The results show that the length accuracy of the laser scanner is most critical. It influences the required size of the hemisphere and the calibration accuracy.

@inproceedings{SPIE2017, abstract = {Mapping is an essential task in mobile robotics. To fulfil advanced navigation and manipulation tasks a 3D representation of the environment is required. Applying stereo cameras or Time-of-flight cameras (TOF cameras) are one way to archive this requirement. Unfortunately, they suffer from drawbacks which makes it difficult to map properly. Therefore, costly 3D laser scanners are applied. An inexpensive way to build a 3D representation is to use a 2D laser scanner and rotate the scan plane around an additional axis. A 3D point cloud acquired with such a custom device consists of multiple 2D line scans. Therefore the scanner pose of each line scan need to be determined as well as parameters resulting from a calibration to generate a 3D point cloud. Using external sensor systems are a common method to determine these calibration parameters. This is costly and difficult when the robot needs to be calibrated outside the lab. Thus, this work presents a calibration method applied on a rotating 2D laser scanner. It uses a hardware setup to identify the required parameters for calibration. This hardware setup is light, small, and easy to transport. Hence, an out of lab calibration is possible. Additional a theoretical model was created to test the algorithm and analyse impact of the scanner accuracy. The hardware components of the 3D scanner system are an HOKUYO UTM-30LX-EW 2D laser scanner, a Dynamixel servo-motor, and a control unit. The calibration system consists of an hemisphere. In the inner of the hemisphere a circular plate is mounted. The algorithm needs to be provided with a dataset of a single rotation from the laser scanner. To achieve a proper calibration result the scanner needs to be located in the middle of the hemisphere. By means of geometric formulas the algorithms determine the individual deviations of the placed laser scanner. In order to minimize errors, the algorithm solves the formulas in an iterative process. First, the calibration algorithm was tested with an ideal hemisphere model created in Matlab. Second, laser scanner was mounted differently, the scanner position and the rotation axis was modified. In doing so, every deviation, was compared with the algorithm results. Several measurement settings were tested repeatedly with the 3D scanner system and the calibration system. The results show that the length accuracy of the laser scanner is most critical. It influences the required size of the hemisphere and the calibration accuracy.}, address = {Munich, Germany}, author = {Koch, R. and B{\"o}ttcher, L. and Jahrsd{\"o}rfer, M. and Maier, J. and Trommer, M. and May, S. and N{\"u}chter, A.}, booktitle = {Proceedings optical metrology, Photonics SPIE}, journal = {Proceedings of the International Society for Optics and Photonics SPIE optical metrology, Videometrics, Range Imaging, and Applications}, keywords = {RK}, month = {06}, pages = {10332 - 10332 - 8}, title = {{Out of lab calibration of a rotating 2D scanner for 3D mapping}}, volume = 10332, year = 2017 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 SPIE2017 %A Koch, R. %A B{ö}ttcher, L. %A Jahrsd{ö}rfer, M. %A Maier, J. %A Trommer, M. %A May, S. %A N{ü}chter, A. %B Proceedings optical metrology, Photonics SPIE %C Munich, Germany %D 2017 %J Proceedings of the International Society for Optics and Photonics SPIE optical metrology, Videometrics, Range Imaging, and Applications %P 10332 - 10332 - 8 %R 10.1117/12.2270298 %T {Out of lab calibration of a rotating 2D scanner for 3D mapping} %U https://robotik.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/telematics/download/spie2017.pdf %V 10332 %X Mapping is an essential task in mobile robotics. To fulfil advanced navigation and manipulation tasks a 3D representation of the environment is required. Applying stereo cameras or Time-of-flight cameras (TOF cameras) are one way to archive this requirement. Unfortunately, they suffer from drawbacks which makes it difficult to map properly. Therefore, costly 3D laser scanners are applied. An inexpensive way to build a 3D representation is to use a 2D laser scanner and rotate the scan plane around an additional axis. A 3D point cloud acquired with such a custom device consists of multiple 2D line scans. Therefore the scanner pose of each line scan need to be determined as well as parameters resulting from a calibration to generate a 3D point cloud. Using external sensor systems are a common method to determine these calibration parameters. This is costly and difficult when the robot needs to be calibrated outside the lab. Thus, this work presents a calibration method applied on a rotating 2D laser scanner. It uses a hardware setup to identify the required parameters for calibration. This hardware setup is light, small, and easy to transport. Hence, an out of lab calibration is possible. Additional a theoretical model was created to test the algorithm and analyse impact of the scanner accuracy. The hardware components of the 3D scanner system are an HOKUYO UTM-30LX-EW 2D laser scanner, a Dynamixel servo-motor, and a control unit. The calibration system consists of an hemisphere. In the inner of the hemisphere a circular plate is mounted. The algorithm needs to be provided with a dataset of a single rotation from the laser scanner. To achieve a proper calibration result the scanner needs to be located in the middle of the hemisphere. By means of geometric formulas the algorithms determine the individual deviations of the placed laser scanner. In order to minimize errors, the algorithm solves the formulas in an iterative process. First, the calibration algorithm was tested with an ideal hemisphere model created in Matlab. Second, laser scanner was mounted differently, the scanner position and the rotation axis was modified. In doing so, every deviation, was compared with the algorithm results. Several measurement settings were tested repeatedly with the 3D scanner system and the calibration system. The results show that the length accuracy of the laser scanner is most critical. It influences the required size of the hemisphere and the calibration accuracy.
IP2Vec: Learning Similarities Between IP Addresses. Ring, Markus; Landes, Dieter; Dallmann, Alexander; Hotho, Andreas. In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), pp. 657–666. 2017.
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IP Addresses are a central part of packet- and flow-based network data. However, visualization and similarity computation of IP Addresses are challenging to due the missing natural order. This paper presents a novel similarity measure IP2Vec for IP Addresses that builds on ideas from Word2Vec, a popular approach in text mining. The key idea is to learn similarities by extracting available context information from network data. IP Addresses are similar if they appear in similar contexts. Thus, IP2Vec is automatically derived from the given network data set. The proposed approach is evaluated experimentally on two public flow-based data sets. In particular, we demonstrate the effectiveness of clustering IP Addresses within a botnet data set. In addition, we use visualization methods to analyse the learned similarities in more detail. These experiments indicate that IP2Vec is well suited to capture the similarity of IP Addresses based on their network communications.

@inproceedings{ring2017ip2vec, abstract = {IP Addresses are a central part of packet- and flow-based network data. However, visualization and similarity computation of IP Addresses are challenging to due the missing natural order. This paper presents a novel similarity measure IP2Vec for IP Addresses that builds on ideas from Word2Vec, a popular approach in text mining. The key idea is to learn similarities by extracting available context information from network data. IP Addresses are similar if they appear in similar contexts. Thus, IP2Vec is automatically derived from the given network data set. The proposed approach is evaluated experimentally on two public flow-based data sets. In particular, we demonstrate the effectiveness of clustering IP Addresses within a botnet data set. In addition, we use visualization methods to analyse the learned similarities in more detail. These experiments indicate that IP2Vec is well suited to capture the similarity of IP Addresses based on their network communications.}, author = {Ring, Markus and Landes, Dieter and Dallmann, Alexander and Hotho, Andreas}, journal = {2017 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW)}, keywords = {mr}, pages = {657-666}, title = {IP2Vec: Learning Similarities Between IP Addresses}, type = {Publication}, year = 2017 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 ring2017ip2vec %A Ring, Markus %A Landes, Dieter %A Dallmann, Alexander %A Hotho, Andreas %D 2017 %J 2017 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW) %P 657-666 %R 10.1109/ICDMW.2017.93 %T IP2Vec: Learning Similarities Between IP Addresses %X IP Addresses are a central part of packet- and flow-based network data. However, visualization and similarity computation of IP Addresses are challenging to due the missing natural order. This paper presents a novel similarity measure IP2Vec for IP Addresses that builds on ideas from Word2Vec, a popular approach in text mining. The key idea is to learn similarities by extracting available context information from network data. IP Addresses are similar if they appear in similar contexts. Thus, IP2Vec is automatically derived from the given network data set. The proposed approach is evaluated experimentally on two public flow-based data sets. In particular, we demonstrate the effectiveness of clustering IP Addresses within a botnet data set. In addition, we use visualization methods to analyse the learned similarities in more detail. These experiments indicate that IP2Vec is well suited to capture the similarity of IP Addresses based on their network communications. %@ 978-1-5386-3800-2
A Toolset for Intrusion and Insider Threat Detection. Ring, Markus; Wunderlich, Sarah; Gr{ü}dl, Dominik; Landes, Dieter; Hotho, Andreas. In Data Analytics and Decision Support for Cybersecurity: Trends, Methodologies and Applications, I. Palomares Carrascosa, H. K. Kalutarage, Y. Huang (eds.), pp. 3–31. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2017.
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- [ DOI ]
Company data are a valuable asset and must be protected against unauthorized access and manipulation. In this contribution, we report on our ongoing work that aims to support IT security experts with identifying novel or obfuscated attacks in company networks, irrespective of their origin inside or outside the company network. A new toolset for anomaly based network intrusion detection is proposed. This toolset uses flow-based data which can be easily retrieved by central network components. We study the challenges of analysing flow-based data streams using data mining algorithms and build an appropriate approach step by step. In contrast to previous work, we collect flow-based data for each host over a certain time window, include the knowledge of domain experts and analyse the data from three different views. We argue that incorporating expert knowledge and previous flows allow us to create more meaningful attributes for subsequent analysis methods. This way, we try to detect novel attacks while simultaneously limiting the number of false positives.

@inbook{Ring2017, abstract = {Company data are a valuable asset and must be protected against unauthorized access and manipulation. In this contribution, we report on our ongoing work that aims to support IT security experts with identifying novel or obfuscated attacks in company networks, irrespective of their origin inside or outside the company network. A new toolset for anomaly based network intrusion detection is proposed. This toolset uses flow-based data which can be easily retrieved by central network components. We study the challenges of analysing flow-based data streams using data mining algorithms and build an appropriate approach step by step. In contrast to previous work, we collect flow-based data for each host over a certain time window, include the knowledge of domain experts and analyse the data from three different views. We argue that incorporating expert knowledge and previous flows allow us to create more meaningful attributes for subsequent analysis methods. This way, we try to detect novel attacks while simultaneously limiting the number of false positives.}, address = {Cham}, author = {Ring, Markus and Wunderlich, Sarah and Gr{\"u}dl, Dominik and Landes, Dieter and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Data Analytics and Decision Support for Cybersecurity: Trends, Methodologies and Applications}, editor = {Palomares Carrascosa, Iv{\'a}n and Kalutarage, Harsha Kumara and Huang, Yan}, keywords = {mr}, pages = {3–31}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, title = {A Toolset for Intrusion and Insider Threat Detection}, type = {Publication}, year = 2017 }

%0 Book Section %1 Ring2017 %A Ring, Markus %A Wunderlich, Sarah %A Gr{ü}dl, Dominik %A Landes, Dieter %A Hotho, Andreas %B Data Analytics and Decision Support for Cybersecurity: Trends, Methodologies and Applications %C Cham %D 2017 %E Palomares Carrascosa, Iv{á}n %E Kalutarage, Harsha Kumara %E Huang, Yan %I Springer International Publishing %P 3--31 %R 10.1007/978-3-319-59439-2_1 %T A Toolset for Intrusion and Insider Threat Detection %U https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59439-2_1 %X Company data are a valuable asset and must be protected against unauthorized access and manipulation. In this contribution, we report on our ongoing work that aims to support IT security experts with identifying novel or obfuscated attacks in company networks, irrespective of their origin inside or outside the company network. A new toolset for anomaly based network intrusion detection is proposed. This toolset uses flow-based data which can be easily retrieved by central network components. We study the challenges of analysing flow-based data streams using data mining algorithms and build an appropriate approach step by step. In contrast to previous work, we collect flow-based data for each host over a certain time window, include the knowledge of domain experts and analyse the data from three different views. We argue that incorporating expert knowledge and previous flows allow us to create more meaningful attributes for subsequent analysis methods. This way, we try to detect novel attacks while simultaneously limiting the number of false positives. %@ 978-3-319-59439-2
Towards EEG-Based Eye-Tracking for Interaction Design in Head-Mounted Devices. {Marc Philipp Dietrich, Götz Winterfeld}. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Consumer Electronics Berlin (ICCE-Berlin), 2017 IEEE. 2017.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
- [ DOI ]
Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) have an increasing impact on our daily lives. They improve workers' performance in industry and medicine. In addition gaming and entertainment profit from these innovations. The enabling devices are often head-mounted. New intuitive interaction methods must be developed to control application, because conventional input devices such as keyboards, touch screens or classical touch pads cannot be used. This paper introduces electroencephalographic (EEG) eye-tracking as an additional interaction channel. Ocular artefacts (EOG) in the EEG signal are used to detect eye positions. A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is used to capture the data. Data is processed and EOG artefacts are extracted to compute the position of the pupil. The first test runs confirm that ocular artefacts in the EEG signal are strongly correlated with the position of the pupils. Extreme positions of the pupils (horizontal left, horizontal right, vertical up and vertical down) can be detected with high accuracy (true-positive-rate of up to 96,6%). In future tests, we successively refine the direction and speed of eye movement and verify their usage under real-time conditions.

@inproceedings{marcphilippdietrichgotzwinterfeldt2017towards, abstract = {Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) have an increasing impact on our daily lives. They improve workers' performance in industry and medicine. In addition gaming and entertainment profit from these innovations. The enabling devices are often head-mounted. New intuitive interaction methods must be developed to control application, because conventional input devices such as keyboards, touch screens or classical touch pads cannot be used. This paper introduces electroencephalographic (EEG) eye-tracking as an additional interaction channel. Ocular artefacts (EOG) in the EEG signal are used to detect eye positions. A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is used to capture the data. Data is processed and EOG artefacts are extracted to compute the position of the pupil. The first test runs confirm that ocular artefacts in the EEG signal are strongly correlated with the position of the pupils. Extreme positions of the pupils (horizontal left, horizontal right, vertical up and vertical down) can be detected with high accuracy (true-positive-rate of up to 96,6%). In future tests, we successively refine the direction and speed of eye movement and verify their usage under real-time conditions.}, author = {{Marc Philipp Dietrich, Götz Winterfeld}, Sebastian von Mammen}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Consumer Electronics Berlin (ICCE-Berlin), 2017 IEEE}, keywords = {mpd}, title = {Towards EEG-Based Eye-Tracking for Interaction Design in Head-Mounted Devices}, year = 2017 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 marcphilippdietrichgotzwinterfeldt2017towards %A {Marc Philipp Dietrich, Götz Winterfeld} %B Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Consumer Electronics Berlin (ICCE-Berlin), 2017 IEEE %D 2017 %R 10.1109/ICCE-Berlin.2017.8210634 %T Towards EEG-Based Eye-Tracking for Interaction Design in Head-Mounted Devices %X Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) have an increasing impact on our daily lives. They improve workers' performance in industry and medicine. In addition gaming and entertainment profit from these innovations. The enabling devices are often head-mounted. New intuitive interaction methods must be developed to control application, because conventional input devices such as keyboards, touch screens or classical touch pads cannot be used. This paper introduces electroencephalographic (EEG) eye-tracking as an additional interaction channel. Ocular artefacts (EOG) in the EEG signal are used to detect eye positions. A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is used to capture the data. Data is processed and EOG artefacts are extracted to compute the position of the pupil. The first test runs confirm that ocular artefacts in the EEG signal are strongly correlated with the position of the pupils. Extreme positions of the pupils (horizontal left, horizontal right, vertical up and vertical down) can be detected with high accuracy (true-positive-rate of up to 96,6%). In future tests, we successively refine the direction and speed of eye movement and verify their usage under real-time conditions.
Flow-based benchmark data sets for intrusion detection. Ring, Markus; Wunderlich, Sarah; Grüdl, Dominik; Landes, Dieter; Hotho, Andreas. In Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (ECCWS), pp. 361–369. ACPI, 2017.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
Anomaly based intrusion detection systems suffer from a lack of appropriate evaluation data sets. Often, existing data sets may not be published due to privacy concerns or do not reflect actual and current attack scenarios. In order to overcome these problems, we identify characteristics of good data sets and develop an appropriate concept for the generation of labelled flow-based data sets that satisfy these criteria. The concept is implemented based on OpenStack, thus demonstrating the suitability of virtual environments. Virtual environments offer advantages compared to static data sets by easily creating up-to-date data sets with recent trends in user behaviour and new attack scenarios. In particular, we emulate a small business environment which includes several clients and typical servers. Network traffic is generated by scripts which emulate typical user activities like surfing the web, writing emails, or printing documents on the clients. These scripts follow some guidelines to ensure that the user behaviour is as realistic as possible, also with respect to working hours and lunch breaks. The generated network traffic is recorded in unidirectional NetFlow format. For generating malicious traffic, attacks like Denial of Service, Brute Force, and Port Scans are executed within the network. Since origins, targets, and timestamps of executed attacks are known, labelling of recorded NetFlow data is easily possible. For inclusion of actual traffic, which has its origin outside the OpenStack environment, an external server with two services is deployed. This server has a public IP address and is exposed to real and up-to-date attacks from the internet. We captured approximately 32 million flows over a period of four weeks and categorized them into five classes. Further, the chronological sequence of the flows is analysed and the distribution of normal and malicious traffic is discussed in detail. The main contribution of this paper is the demonstration of a novel approach to use OpenStack as a basis for generating realistic data sets that can be used for the evaluation of network intrusion detection systems.

@inproceedings{ring2017data, abstract = {Anomaly based intrusion detection systems suffer from a lack of appropriate evaluation data sets. Often, existing data sets may not be published due to privacy concerns or do not reflect actual and current attack scenarios. In order to overcome these problems, we identify characteristics of good data sets and develop an appropriate concept for the generation of labelled flow-based data sets that satisfy these criteria. The concept is implemented based on OpenStack, thus demonstrating the suitability of virtual environments. Virtual environments offer advantages compared to static data sets by easily creating up-to-date data sets with recent trends in user behaviour and new attack scenarios. In particular, we emulate a small business environment which includes several clients and typical servers. Network traffic is generated by scripts which emulate typical user activities like surfing the web, writing emails, or printing documents on the clients. These scripts follow some guidelines to ensure that the user behaviour is as realistic as possible, also with respect to working hours and lunch breaks. The generated network traffic is recorded in unidirectional NetFlow format. For generating malicious traffic, attacks like Denial of Service, Brute Force, and Port Scans are executed within the network. Since origins, targets, and timestamps of executed attacks are known, labelling of recorded NetFlow data is easily possible. For inclusion of actual traffic, which has its origin outside the OpenStack environment, an external server with two services is deployed. This server has a public IP address and is exposed to real and up-to-date attacks from the internet. We captured approximately 32 million flows over a period of four weeks and categorized them into five classes. Further, the chronological sequence of the flows is analysed and the distribution of normal and malicious traffic is discussed in detail. The main contribution of this paper is the demonstration of a novel approach to use OpenStack as a basis for generating realistic data sets that can be used for the evaluation of network intrusion detection systems.}, author = {Ring, Markus and Wunderlich, Sarah and Grüdl, Dominik and Landes, Dieter and Hotho, Andreas}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (ECCWS)}, keywords = {mr}, pages = {361–369}, publisher = {ACPI}, title = {Flow-based benchmark data sets for intrusion detection}, year = 2017 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 ring2017data %A Ring, Markus %A Wunderlich, Sarah %A Grüdl, Dominik %A Landes, Dieter %A Hotho, Andreas %B Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (ECCWS) %D 2017 %I ACPI %P 361--369 %T Flow-based benchmark data sets for intrusion detection %X Anomaly based intrusion detection systems suffer from a lack of appropriate evaluation data sets. Often, existing data sets may not be published due to privacy concerns or do not reflect actual and current attack scenarios. In order to overcome these problems, we identify characteristics of good data sets and develop an appropriate concept for the generation of labelled flow-based data sets that satisfy these criteria. The concept is implemented based on OpenStack, thus demonstrating the suitability of virtual environments. Virtual environments offer advantages compared to static data sets by easily creating up-to-date data sets with recent trends in user behaviour and new attack scenarios. In particular, we emulate a small business environment which includes several clients and typical servers. Network traffic is generated by scripts which emulate typical user activities like surfing the web, writing emails, or printing documents on the clients. These scripts follow some guidelines to ensure that the user behaviour is as realistic as possible, also with respect to working hours and lunch breaks. The generated network traffic is recorded in unidirectional NetFlow format. For generating malicious traffic, attacks like Denial of Service, Brute Force, and Port Scans are executed within the network. Since origins, targets, and timestamps of executed attacks are known, labelling of recorded NetFlow data is easily possible. For inclusion of actual traffic, which has its origin outside the OpenStack environment, an external server with two services is deployed. This server has a public IP address and is exposed to real and up-to-date attacks from the internet. We captured approximately 32 million flows over a period of four weeks and categorized them into five classes. Further, the chronological sequence of the flows is analysed and the distribution of normal and malicious traffic is discussed in detail. The main contribution of this paper is the demonstration of a novel approach to use OpenStack as a basis for generating realistic data sets that can be used for the evaluation of network intrusion detection systems. %@ 1911218433
{Detection and Purging of Specular Reflective and Transparent Object Influences in 3D Range Measurements}. Koch, R.; May, S.; N{ü}chter, A. In Proceedings of the 7th International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, ISPRS International Workshop 3D-ARCH 2017: "3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures", of ISPRS Archives Photogrammetry and Remote Senssing Spatial Inf. Sci., Volume XLII/W3, pp. 377–384. Nafplio, Greece, 2017.
- [ Abstract ]
- [ BibTeX ]
- [ EndNote ]
- [ DOI ]
3D laser scanners are favoured sensors for mapping in mobile service robotics at indoor and outdoor applications, since they deliver precise measurements at a wide scanning range. The resulting maps are detailed since they have a high resolution. Based on these maps robots navigate through rough terrain, fulfil advanced manipulation, and inspection tasks. In case of specular reflective and transparent objects, e.g., mirrors, windows, shiny metals, the laser measurements get corrupted. Based on the type of object and the incident angle of the incoming laser beam there are three results possible: a measurement point on the object plane, a measurement behind the object plane, and a measurement of a reflected object. It is important to detect such situations to be able to handle these corrupted points. This paper describes why it is difficult to distinguish between specular reflective and transparent surfaces. It presents a 3D- Reflection-Pre-Filter Approach to identify specular reflective and transparent objects in point clouds of a multi-echo laser scanner. Furthermore, it filters point clouds from influences of such objects and extract the object properties for further investigations. Based on an Iterative-Closest-Point-algorithm reflective objects are identified. Object surfaces and points behind surfaces are masked according to their location. Finally, the processed point cloud is forwarded to a mapping module. Furthermore, the object surface corners and the type of the surface is broadcasted. Four experiments demonstrate the usability of the 3D-Reflection-Pre-Filter. The first experiment was made in a empty room containing a mirror, the second experiment was made in a stairway containing a glass door, the third experiment was made in a empty room containing two mirrors, the fourth experiment was made in an office room containing a mirror. This paper demonstrate that for single scans the detection of specular reflective and transparent objects in 3D is possible. It is more reliable in 3D as in 2D. Nevertheless, collect the data of multiple scans and post-filter them as soon as the object was bypassed should pursued. This is why future work concentrates on implementing a post-filter module. Besides, it is the aim to improve the discrimination between specular reflective and transparent objects.

@inproceedings{3DARCH2017_4, abstract = {3D laser scanners are favoured sensors for mapping in mobile service robotics at indoor and outdoor applications, since they deliver precise measurements at a wide scanning range. The resulting maps are detailed since they have a high resolution. Based on these maps robots navigate through rough terrain, fulfil advanced manipulation, and inspection tasks. In case of specular reflective and transparent objects, e.g., mirrors, windows, shiny metals, the laser measurements get corrupted. Based on the type of object and the incident angle of the incoming laser beam there are three results possible: a measurement point on the object plane, a measurement behind the object plane, and a measurement of a reflected object. It is important to detect such situations to be able to handle these corrupted points. This paper describes why it is difficult to distinguish between specular reflective and transparent surfaces. It presents a 3D- Reflection-Pre-Filter Approach to identify specular reflective and transparent objects in point clouds of a multi-echo laser scanner. Furthermore, it filters point clouds from influences of such objects and extract the object properties for further investigations. Based on an Iterative-Closest-Point-algorithm reflective objects are identified. Object surfaces and points behind surfaces are masked according to their location. Finally, the processed point cloud is forwarded to a mapping module. Furthermore, the object surface corners and the type of the surface is broadcasted. Four experiments demonstrate the usability of the 3D-Reflection-Pre-Filter. The first experiment was made in a empty room containing a mirror, the second experiment was made in a stairway containing a glass door, the third experiment was made in a empty room containing two mirrors, the fourth experiment was made in an office room containing a mirror. This paper demonstrate that for single scans the detection of specular reflective and transparent objects in 3D is possible. It is more reliable in 3D as in 2D. Nevertheless, collect the data of multiple scans and post-filter them as soon as the object was bypassed should pursued. This is why future work concentrates on implementing a post-filter module. Besides, it is the aim to improve the discrimination between specular reflective and transparent objects.}, address = {Nafplio, Greece}, author = {Koch, R. and May, S. and N{\"u}chter, A.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, ISPRS International Workshop 3D-ARCH 2017: "3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures"}, keywords = {rk}, month = {03}, pages = {377–384}, series = {ISPRS Archives Photogrammetry and Remote Senssing Spatial Inf. Sci., Volume XLII/W3}, title = {{Detection and Purging of Specular Reflective and Transparent Object Influences in 3D Range Measurements}}, year = 2017 }

%0 Conference Paper %1 3DARCH2017_4 %A Koch, R. %A May, S. %A N{ü}chter, A. %B Proceedings of the 7th International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, ISPRS International Workshop 3D-ARCH 2017: "3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures" %C Nafplio, Greece %D 2017 %P 377--384 %R 10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W3-377-2017 %T {Detection and Purging of Specular Reflective and Transparent Object Influences in 3D Range Measurements} %U https://robotik.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/telematics/download/3darch2017mirror.pdf %X 3D laser scanners are favoured sensors for mapping in mobile service robotics at indoor and outdoor applications, since they deliver precise measurements at a wide scanning range. The resulting maps are detailed since they have a high resolution. Based on these maps robots navigate through rough terrain, fulfil advanced manipulation, and inspection tasks. In case of specular reflective and transparent objects, e.g., mirrors, windows, shiny metals, the laser measurements get corrupted. Based on the type of object and the incident angle of the incoming laser beam there are three results possible: a measurement point on the object plane, a measurement behind the object plane, and a measurement of a reflected object. It is important to detect such situations to be able to handle these corrupted points. This paper describes why it is difficult to distinguish between specular reflective and transparent surfaces. It presents a 3D- Reflection-Pre-Filter Approach to identify specular reflective and transparent objects in point clouds of a multi-echo laser scanner. Furthermore, it filters point clouds from influences of such objects and extract the object properties for further investigations. Based on an Iterative-Closest-Point-algorithm reflective objects are identified. Object surfaces and points behind surfaces are masked according to their location. Finally, the processed point cloud is forwarded to a mapping module. Furthermore, the object surface corners and the type of the surface is broadcasted. Four experiments demonstrate the usability of the 3D-Reflection-Pre-Filter. The first experiment was made in a empty room containing a mirror, the second experiment was made in a stairway containing a glass door, the third experiment was made in a empty room containing two mirrors, the fourth experiment was made in an office room containing a mirror. This paper demonstrate that for single scans the detection of specular reflective and transparent objects in 3D is possible. It is more reliable in 3D as in 2D. Nevertheless, collect the data of multiple scans and post-filter them as soon as the object was bypassed should pursued. This is why future work concentrates on implementing a post-filter module. Besides, it is the aim to improve the discrimination between specular reflective and transparent objects.

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